Correctional Populations in the United States, 2023 – Statistical Tables

• NCJ Number: 310413
• Author(s): Shaun Gann, PhD, BJS Statistician; Danielle Kaeble, BJS Statistician
• Date Published: September 2025
• Publication Series: Correctional Populations in the United States
• Publication Type: Publication

Description

This report summarizes information on populations supervised by probation or parole agencies and those incarcerated in state or federal prisons or in the custody of local jails. It presents statistics on the number of persons supervised by adult correctional systems from 2013 to 2023 and on their correctional status (i.e., in prison, in local jail, on probation, or on parole). It also includes tables on the sex and race or ethnicity of persons supervised by correctional systems. BJS has published statistics on correctional populations since 1985.

Highlights

• The rate of persons under supervision of adult correctional systems was 2,100 per 100,000 adult U.S. residents at yearend 2023, the same as the previous 2 years.
• At yearend 2023, more than two-thirds of persons under correctional supervision were supervised in the community on probation or parole (3,772,000), while almost one-third (1,852,900) were incarcerated in state or federal prisons or local jails.
• While the parole population decreased almost 3% from yearend 2022 to yearend 2023, the total correctional population increased by 1%, primarily due to a 1% increase in the number of persons on probation supervision and a 2% increase in persons held in prisons.
• Almost 1 million (977,800) fewer persons were under community supervision in 2023 than in 2013.