U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report Substance Dependence, Abuse, and Treatment of Jail Inmates, 2002 July 2005, NCJ 209588 ------------------------------------------------------------- This file is text only without graphics and many of the tables. A Zip archive of the tables in this report in spreadsheet format (.wk1) and the full report including tables and graphics in .pdf format are available from: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/sdatji02.htm ------------------------------------------------------------- By Jennifer C. Karberg and Doris J. James BJS Statisticians --------------------------------------------------- Highlights In 2002, 68% of jail inmates reported symptoms in the year before their admission to jail that met substance dependence or abuse criteria * 52% of female jail inmates were found to be dependent on alcohol or drugs, compared to 44% of male inmates. in 4 convicted property or drug offenders met substance dependence or abuse criteria, compared to 2 in 3 violent or public-order offenders * Half of all convicted jail inmates were under the influence of drugs or alcohol at the time of offense. * In 2002, 16% of convicted jail inmates said they committed their offense to get money for drugs, compared to 15% in 1996. * Inmates who met substance dependence/abuse criteria were twice as likely as other inmates to have three or more prior probation or incarceration sentences. 63% of inmates who met substance dependence or abuse criteria had participated in substance abuse treatment or other programs in the past * 47% of jail inmates who met the criteria for substance dependence or abuse had participated in substance abuse treatment or other programs while under correctional supervision. * About a fifth of convicted jail inmates who met the criteria for substance dependence or abuse had participated in substance abuse treatment or other programs after their admission to jail. ------------------------------------------------------ In 2002 more than two-thirds of jail inmates were found to be dependent on or to abuse alcohol or drugs, based on data from the Survey of Inmates in Local Jails, 2002. Two in five inmates were dependent on alcohol or drugs, while nearly 1 in 4 abused alcohol or drugs, but were not dependent on them. Estimates of substance dependence or abuse were based on criteria specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Jail inmates who met the criteria for substance dependence or abuse (70%) were more likely than other inmates (46%) to have a criminal record. They were nearly twice as likely as other inmates to have been homeless in the year before their offense (16% compared to 9%) or to have grown up with a parent or guardian who abused alcohol or drugs (37% compared to 17%). Nearly two-thirds of jail inmates who met the criteria for substance dependence or abuse had participated in substance abuse treatment or other alcohol or drug programs in the past. More than half of the inmates who had used alcohol or drugs at the time of their offense had ever received treatment or participated in other substance abuse programs while under correctional supervision. 68% of jail inmates met substance dependence or abuse criteria More than two-thirds of jail inmates were dependent on or abused alcohol or drugs, based on symptoms for diagnosing substance dependence or abuse in the DSM-IV. In collaboration with the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) included a series of questions associated with the DSM-IV criteria for measuring dependence or abuse in the 2002 Survey of Inmates in Local Jails. The questions addressed problems or symptoms related to alcohol or drug use in the 12 months prior to the inmates' admission to jail. The questions about substance abuse were grouped into four categories and those on dependence into seven categories, in accordance with the DSM-IV. For a diagnosis of dependence jail inmates had to report at least 3 of 7 dependence symptoms. A diagnosis of abuse required offenders to have at least 1 of 4 abuse symptoms. Because a diagnosis of substance dependence preempts a diagnosis of abuse, inmates who met the criteria for both dependence and abuse (44%) or dependence only (1.0%) were classified as dependent. ------------------------------------- Prevalence of substance dependence or abuse symptoms among jail inmates, 2002 The Survey of Inmates in Local Jails, 2002, included a series of questions to form a measure of the prevalence of substance dependence or abuse as defined in the DSM-IV. These estimates are not comparable to findings reported from previous jail inmate surveys. Abuse symptoms included repeated use of alcohol or drugs in hazardous situations or recurrent occupational, educational, legal or social problems related to alcohol or drug use. The most common abuse criteria reported by jail inmates were recurrent social problems because of alcohol (40%), drugs (43%), and the combination of alcohol or drugs (58%). The dependence criteria covered a range of symptoms, including behavioral, cognitive, and physiological problems. The criteria most often cited by inmates were impaired control (44%)and continued use despite problems (45%). Overall, a third of jail inmates reported no abuse symptoms. Sixteen percent had one abuse symptom, while 17% cited all four abuse symptoms. Forty-six percent of jail inmates reported three or more symptoms of substance dependence, including 18% who reported all seven symptoms. About 38% reported no dependence symptoms. ------------------------------------------ Jail inmates classified as abusers met at least one of the abuse criteria (23%) without dependence. By specific type of substance, 53% of jail inmates were dependent on or abused drugs, compared to 47% for alcohol. About 36% of jail inmates were found to be dependent on drugs, and 18% abused drugs. Twenty-three percent of jail inmates were dependent on alcohol, and nearly 24% abused alcohol. An estimated 32% of inmates did not meet the criteria for substance dependence or abuse. Over half of all female jail inmates reported substance dependence There was little difference in the overall prevalence of substance dependence or abuse between men (68%) and women (69%) in local jails. When substance dependence or abuse was estimated separately, female jail inmates had higher rates of substance dependence than male inmates. Nearly 52% of female inmates were found to be dependent on alcohol or drugs, compared to 44% of male inmates. Men (24%) had higher rates of substance abuse (without dependence) than women (17%). -------------------------------------- Fewer than 1 in 10 persons in the general population met the criteria for substance dependence or abuse * In 2002, 9% of the U.S. resident population age 12 or older (or 22 million persons) were found to be dependent on or to abuse alcohol or drugs, according to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002. * Unlike men and women in local jails who had nearly the same rate of substance dependence/abuse (around 69%), in the general population the rate for men (13%) was twice that for women (6%). ------------------------------------------ White and middle age inmates had relatively higher rates of substance dependence or abuse Substance dependence or abuse among jail inmates varied by racial or ethnic groups. White inmates had significantly higher levels of substance dependence or abuse (78%), relative to black inmates (64%) and Hispanic inmates (59%). A larger proportion of white inmates (55%) than blacks (40%) or Hispanics (36%) also were dependent on alcohol or drugs. A similar rate of substance abuse(without dependence) existed among racial or ethnic categories. Around a quarter of black (24%)and Hispanic (23%) inmates were found to abuse alcohol or drugs, compared to 22% of white inmates. White females comprised a slightly higher proportion of women who met the criteria for substance dependence or abuse than their representation in the overall female jail population. White females were 43% of women in jail, but 48% of women who were dependent on or abused alcohol or drugs. Similarly, white males represented 35% of men in jail, but about 40% of men who met the conditions for substance dependence or abuse. The rate of substance dependence or abuse varied significantly by age of inmates. Jail inmates between ages 25 and 44 had the highest rate of substance dependence or abuse (7 in 10 inmates). Those age 55 or older had the lowest rate (nearly 5 in 10 inmates). When the rate of dependence was estimated separately from abuse only, inmates age 55 or older reported the same levels of dependence (23%) or abuse only (23%). All other age groups had higher levels of substance dependence. Half of jail inmates ages 35-44 were dependent on alcohol or drugs, while a fifth abused alcohol or drugs. Substance dependence or abuse more prevalent among drug or property offenders Overall, jail inmates whose most serious charge was a drug or property offense were more likely to have met the substance dependence or abuse criteria than other offenders. More than 70% of drug or property offenders were dependent on or had abused a substance, compared to over 60% of violent and public-order offenders. An estimated half of drug or property offenders were dependent on alcohol or drugs; over a fifth reported an abuse (without dependence) criterion. Half of inmates who met criteria of dependence or abuse had a family member who had served time Jail inmates who met the conditions for substance dependence or abuse (16%) were more likely to have been homeless in the year before their admission to jail than other inmates (9%). They were twice as likely as other inmates to have lived in a foster home, agency, or institution. An estimated 14% said they had lived in a foster home, agency, or institution, compared to 7% of other inmates. Over a fifth of jail inmates who met the criteria for substance dependence or abuse said they had been physically or sexually abused in the past. An eighth of other jail inmates reported past physical or sexual abuse. Substance dependent or abusing jail inmates were twice as likely as other jail inmates to have had a parent or guardian who abused drugs or alcohol. About 2 in 5 jail inmates who met the criteria for substance dependence or abuse said a parent or guardian had abused alcohol, drugs, or both while they were growing up. Among other inmates, about 1 in 6 said a parent or guardian abused alcohol, drugs, or both. Inmates who were dependent on or abused alcohol or drugs (50%) were more likely than other inmates(38%) to have had a family member who had been incarcerated. Twenty-one percent had a father who had been incarcerated in the past, compared to 14% of other inmates. A third of inmates who met the conditions for substance dependence or abuse had a brother who had served time in prison or jail, compared to over a fourth of other jail inmates. Prior criminal record linked to substance dependence or abuse Jail inmates who were dependent on or abused alcohol or drugs were more likely to have had a prior criminal record than other inmates. Fifty-seven percent of the substance dependent or abusing inmates were on some criminal justice status at the time of their arrest, including 36% who were on probation. About 44% of other jail inmates were on a criminal justice status at arrest. An estimated 8 in 10 jail inmates who met the criteria for substance dependence or abuse had a prior sentence to probation or incarceration, compared to about 6 in 10 other jail inmates. The substance dependent or abusing inmates (47%) were also twice as likely as other inmates (22%) to have had three or more prior probation or incarceration sentences. Alcohol use at offense declined between 1996 and 2002 In 2002, 40% of all jail inmates said they had participated in binge drinking in the past, unchanged from 1996. Binge drinking is defined as having consumed a fifth of liquor in a single day, or the equivalent of 20 drinks, 3 bottles of wine, or 3 six-packs of beer. The proportion of convicted inmates who had been drinking at the time of the offense declined to 33% in 2002, from 41% in 1996. Regular drug use rose between 1996 and 2002; use at offense declined While the overall percentage of jail inmates who reported having ever used drugs remained stable (82%) between 1996 and 2002, regular drug use rose to 69% in 2002 from 64% in 1996. Regular use was defined as drug use at least once a week for at least a month. Among convicted jail inmates, drug use at the time of the offense dropped to 29% from 35% during that period. In each year, over half of convicted jail inmates said they had used drugs in the month before their offense. There was little change in the types of drugs used between 1996 and 2002. Marijuana and cocaine/crack cocaine were the most common drugs inmates said they used regularly, in the month before the offense, or at the time of the offense. About 59% of all jail inmates said they used marijuana regularly, up from 55% in 1996. In each year, the fraction of inmates who said they regularly used cocaine/crack (31%), heroin/other opiates (12%), depressants (10%), and stimulants (17%)was relatively unchanged. Nearly 14% of convicted jail inmates had used marijuana at the time of the offense in 2002, a slight decrease from 18% in 1996. Eleven percent had used cocaine/crack in 2002, down from 14% in 1996. Women and white inmates more likely to have used drugs at offense Among convicted jail inmates, there were significant differences in the type of substances used at the time of the offense and in the substances they were dependent on or abused. About 29% of convicted inmates said they had used drugs at the time of the offense, compared to 33% who reported using alcohol. More than half of convicted jail inmates were dependent on or abused drugs, while just under half were dependent on or abused alcohol. Convicted women offenders were more likely to have been under the influence of drugs (34%) than alcohol (22%) at the time of the offense. Over a third of convicted men said they had used alcohol at the time of the offense, compared to over a fourth who had used drugs. Both male and female jail inmates were more likely to have met the conditions for dependence or abuse of drugs than alcohol. However, women were significantly more likely to have met the criteria for dependence or abuse of drugs (61%) than alcohol (39%). By contrast, men were only slightly more likely to have met the criteria for dependence or abuse of drugs (54%) than alcohol (50%). Among convicted inmates considered by race or ethnic origin, white inmates had the highest rate of having used either drugs or alcohol at the time of their most serious offense. About 39% of white inmates had used alcohol at the time of the offense, followed by 30% of Hispanic and 29% of black inmates. A third of white inmates and a fourth of black and Hispanic inmates were under the influence of drugs at the time of the offense. White inmates also had the highest prevalence of dependence or abuse regardless of the substance. About 59% of whites, 43% of blacks, and 42% of Hispanic inmates were dependent on or abused alcohol. The rate of dependence or abuse for drugs was 62% for whites, 54% for blacks, and 45% for Hispanic inmates. Younger inmates had higher rates of dependence or abuse of drugs; middle-age inmates, of alcohol Older offenders were most likely to have used alcohol at the time of the offense. Forty percent of inmates age 35 or older had used alcohol at the time of the offense, compared to 33% of inmates ages 25-34 and 24% of inmates age 24 or younger. Nearly a third of offenders age 34 or younger had used drugs at the time of their offense. Only a small portion (6%) of inmates age 55 or older had used drugs when they committed their offense. Fifty-two percent of convicted inmates ages 25-34 and 35-44 were found to be dependent on or to abuse alcohol, the largest percentage among all age categories. Inmates age 55 or older had the lowest rate of alcohol dependence or abuse (38%), followed by inmates ages 45-54, at 44%, and inmates age 24 or younger, at 46%. Jail inmates age 24 or younger had the highest rate of drug dependence or abuse. About 61% were dependent on or abused drugs, compared to about 56% of jail inmates ages 25-44. Similar to alcohol dependence or abuse, the lowest rate of drug dependence or abuse (16%) occurred among inmates age 55 or older. Over half of inmates convicted of robbery, burglary, or drug offenses were under the influence at offense Overall, 50% of convicted jail inmates reported being under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of the offense. Inmates convicted of robbery (56%), weapons violations (56%), burglary (55%), or motor vehicle theft (55%) were more likely than inmates convicted of other types of offenses to have used a substance at the time of the offense. The least likely of all offenders to have used alcohol or drugs at offense were those convicted of public-order offenses (37%) or fraud (39%). Violent offenders were more likely to have used alcohol at the time of the offense (38%) than inmates who committed property (29%), drug (22%), or public-order offenses (26%). However, violent offenders were less likely than other offenders to have used drugs at the time of the offense. About a fifth of violent offenders, a third of property, and two-fifths of drug offenders had used drugs at the time of the offense. Less than a fifth of public-order offenders used drugs at offense. 16% of convicted jail inmates committed the offense to get money for drugs In 2002, 16% of convicted jail inmates said they committed their offense to get money for drugs, a slight increase from 15% in 1996. Around a quarter of property and drug offenders said they committed their offense to get money for drugs, compared to under a tenth of violent and public-order offenders. Between 1996 and 2002, the proportion of drug, property, and public-order offenders who said they committed their offense to get money for drugs increased by two percentage points, while that of violent offenders was relatively unchanged. Three-quarters of inmates in jail for drug or property offenses met dependence or abuse criteria Seven in ten convicted jail inmates were found to be dependent on or to abuse alcohol or drugs, a slightly larger proportion than the 6 in 10 of the entire jail population. Overall, substance dependence or abuse was more prevalent among convicted drug and property offenders. Nearly three-quarters of inmates in jail for drug or property offenses met the criteria for substance dependence or abuse, compared to two- thirds of jail inmates who committed violent or public-order offenses. Jail inmates convicted of burglary had the highest rate of substance dependence or abuse (85%), followed by DWI/DUI (81%), weapons violations (79%), and drug possession (75%). The lowest rate of substance dependence or abuse was among inmates convicted of sexual assault (50%). Convicted violent offenders were the most likely to be dependent on or abusing alcohol (52%), followed by property (48%), and public-order (46%) offenders. Drug offenders (40%) were least likely to be dependent on or to abuse alcohol. By specific offenses, DWI/DUI offenders were the most likely to have met the criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse (78%), followed by inmates convicted of assault (58%), burglary (54%), and robbery (53%). Jail inmates who committed sexual assault (37%) were the least likely of the different types of offenders to be dependent on or to abuse alcohol. The highest percentage of drug dependence or abuse occurred among drug offenders, with 67% meeting the conditions for dependence or abuse. Property offenders were next with 62% having met the conditions. Specifically, jail inmates convicted of burglary (74%), drug possession (71%), and robbery (64%) had the highest rates of drug dependence or abuse. Offenders convicted of homicide (30%) and sexual assault (33%) were least likely to be dependent on or to abuse drugs. 6 in 10 substance dependent or abusing inmates had participated in substance treatment or programs Sixty-three percent of jail inmates who met the criteria for substance dependence or abuse said they had participated in substance treatment or other alcohol or drug programs in the past. The most common activity among dependent or abusing inmates was participation in alcohol or drug programs which included self-help programs (such as Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous), peer counseling, or education or awareness programs. Forty-six percent of dependent or abusing inmates had participated in these programs, compared to 44% who had received treatment. Substance treatment included time spent in a residential facility or a detoxification unit, professional counseling, or use of a maintenance drug. Participation in substance treatment or programs linked to dependence Jail inmates who were dependent on alcohol or drugs had the highest rate of participation in substance treatment or other alcohol or drug programs. Over two-thirds of dependent inmates said they had participated in treatment or programs in the past, compared to over half of inmates who abused drugs or alcohol. Dependent inmates (53%) were more likely to have participated in treatment or programs while under correctional supervision than inmates who abused alcohol or drugs (37%). Over a third of dependent inmates had received treatment while incarcerated or on probation or parole. Nearly a fifth of inmates who abused alcohol or drugs had received treatment. Forty percent of dependent and 28% of abusing inmates reported they had participated in other alcohol or drug programs while under correctional supervision. Regardless of a diagnosis of dependence or abuse, inmates were more likely to have received treatment or participated in program while on probation or parole rather than in prison or jail. Over 1 in 4 dependent inmates had received treatment while in the community, and 1 in 5 had treatment while incarcerated. Participation in treatment or other programs while under correctional supervision rose between 1996 and 2002 The largest increase in substance treatment or other programs occurred among inmates who said they had used alcohol or drugs at the time of offense -- up from 43% in 1996 to 52% in 2002. Among inmates who had been using alcohol or drugs in the month before the offense, the proportion who reported ever having participated in treatment or programs while under correctional supervision rose from 39% in 1996 to 47% in 2002. Participation in treatment or other programs after admission to jail also increased among all prior alcohol or drug users. In 2002, 20% of convicted inmates who were under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of the offense had participated in treatment/ programs after entering jail, up from 17% in 1996. In each year, participation in self-help programs (13%) was the most common activity, followed by education programs (over 5%). The rate of participation in treatment or programs since entering jail for convicted inmates who used alcohol or drugs in the month before the offense rose to 17% in 2002, up from 14% in 1996. Treatment specifically rose from 4% to 6% between 1996 to 2002, and participation in other programs grew from 13% to 14%, respectively. 1 in 6 inmates using alcohol at the time of the offense participated in treatment/programs after admission In 2002 an estimated 17% of jail inmates who ever participated in binge drinking and inmates who met the criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse had received treatment or participated in other programs after admission to jail. Around 16% of inmates using alcohol at the time of the offense had participated in treatment or programs after admission. The level of participation in specific types of substance abuse treatment or programs varied little among inmates who were dependent on or abused alcohol, who had used alcohol at the time of the offense, or who reported ever having a binge drinking experience. Three percent of inmates in each category had received treatment in a special facility after admission. Between 2% and 3% had also received professional counseling and 1% had been in a detoxification unit. Twelve percent of inmates who reported binge drinking had participated in self-help or peer counseling, followed by 11% of inmates who met the criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse, and 10% of inmates who were using alcohol at the time of the offense. Around 5% of each group had participated in alcohol abuse education or awareness programs. 1 in 5 inmates who used drugs at time of the offense participated in treatment or programs after admission A fifth of convicted jail inmates who reported drug use at the time of their offense had participated in treatment or programs after admission to jail, a larger proportion than any other group of drug users. About 14% of convicted inmates who reported past drug use ever, 17% of those who used drugs in the month before the offense, and 18% of inmates who met the conditions for drug dependence or abuse had received treatment or participated in other programs after entering jail. Self-help or peer group counseling and placement in a residential unit or special facility were the most common types of activities. More than 11% of convicted inmates who had used drugs in the month before the offense, at the time of the offense, or met the drug dependence or abuse criteria had participated in self- help or peer group counseling programs. Around 9% of convicted inmates who used drugs at the time of the offense had received treatment in a special unit or residential facility since entering jail. Nearly 7% of inmates who reported drug use in the month before the offense and those dependent on or abusing drugs had treatment in a special unit or facility. Substance dependent or abusing women, whites more likely to participate in treatment or programs Female inmates (68%) who met the criteria for substance dependence or abuse were more likely than male inmates (64%) to have ever received any type of substance treatment or program. This pattern continued across all types of treatment or programs. Fifty-three percent of women who met substance dependence or abuse criteria had received some type of treatment, compared to 44% of men. -------------------------------------------- 8 in 10 convicted jail inmates were involved with drugs/alcohol in 2002 In the comparable data for 1996 and 2002, three- quarters of convicted jail inmates were involved with drugs or alcohol. When substance dependence or abuse and positive drug test results were included in 2002, 85% of convicted jail inmates were found to be drug/alcohol-involved. ----------------------------------------------- White jail inmates (72%) who were found to be dependent on or to abuse alcohol or drugs had the highest rate of participation in treatment or other programs, followed by 58% of both blacks and Hispanics. Four in ten white inmates who met the conditions for dependence or abuse had received treatment under correctional supervision, compared to fewer than 3 in 10 black and Hispanic inmates. White inmates (23%)were also nearly twice as likely as Hispanic inmates (12%) to have received treatment in prison or jail. Forty-five percent of white inmates who met the criteria for substance dependence or abuse had participated in other alcohol or drug programs while under correctional supervision, compared to 37% of Hispanics and 32% of black inmates who met the criteria. White inmates also had the highest level of participation in other programs since entering jail -- whites (18%), blacks (13%), and Hispanics (13%). Methodology The findings in this report are based on information in the Survey of Inmates in Local Jails (SILJ), conducted from January through April, 2002. SILJ was a stratified two-stage sample survey in which jails were selected at the first stage and inmates to be interviewed at the second stage. The jails were selected from a universe of 3,365 jails and grouped into 6 strata based on the size of the male, female, and juvenile (both male and female) populations. Each jail within a stratum had an equal probability of selection. Overall, 465 jails were selected, and interviews were held in 417 jails; 39 jails refused or were excluded for administrative reasons; and 9 were closed or had no inmates. In the second sampling stage, inter-viewers from the Census Bureau visited each selected facility and systematically selected a sample of male and female inmates. A total of 6,982 inmates were interviewed, using computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI). A total of 768 inmates refused to participate, for a second stage nonresponse of 9.9%. Based on the completed interviews, estimates for the entire jail population were developed using weighting factors derived from the original probability of selection in the sample. These factors were adjusted for variable rates of nonresponse across strata and inmate characteristics. Further adjustments were made to control the survey estimates to counts of jail inmates obtained from the 1999 Census of Jails and the 2001 Annual Survey of Jails. The accuracy of the jail inmates survey depends on sampling and measurement errors. Sampling errors occur by chance because a sample rather than a complete enumeration of the population was conducted. Measurement error can be attributed to many sources, such as nonresponse, recall difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions among inmates, and data processing errors. The sampling error, as measured by an estimated standard error, varies by the size of the estimate and the size of the base population. Estimates of the standard errors for selected characteristics have been calculated for the 2002 Survey. Standard error tables are available on the BJS website . These standard errors may be used to construct confidence intervals around percentages. For example, the 95% confidence interval around the percentage of inmates in 2002 who were dependent on or abused alcohol or drugs is approximately 68% plus or minus 1.96 times .72% (or 66.6% to 69.4%). In this report, the definition of a convicted jail inmate differs from other previously published reports. Trend comparisons between data in this report and reports based on data from previous jail inmate surveys (or the Annual Survey of Jails) are affected by the revised definition of convicted and unconvicted inmates. Other revisions to the questionnaire will also affect comparisons across surveys. --------------------------------------- References Allen, John P., and Veronica B. Wilson, eds., Assessing Alcohol Problems: A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers, 2nd ed., U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol, Abuse and Alcoholism, revised 2003, Bethesda, Maryland. American Psychological Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), 1994. Compton, Wilson M., and others, "Prevalence of Marijuana Use Disorders in the United States, 1991-1992 and 2001-2002," Journal of the American Medical Association, May 5, 2002, vol. 291, no.17. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, Rockville, Maryland. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, 2002, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland. --------------------------------------- The 2002 SILJ is the first BJS survey to measure the prevalence of substance dependence or abuse in the correctional population based on the DSM-IV. These estimates are not comparable to findings reported from previous jail inmate surveys. Other national surveys that used the DSM-IV to measure substance abuse and dependence in the general population include the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions, 2002, (NESARC), sponsored by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, and the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, (NSDUH), SAMSHA. ----------------------------------------- The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the statistical agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. Lawrence A. Greenfeld is director. Jennifer C. Karberg and Doris J. James wrote this report, under the supervision of Allen J. Beck. Laura M. Maruschak and Todd D. Minton verified the report, and Rebecca Medway provided statistical assistance. Tom Hester edited it, assisted by Tina Dorsey. Doris J. James, under the supervision of Allen J. Beck, designed the survey, developed the questionnaire, and monitored data collection, data processing, and production of weights. Stephen M. Bittner and Tammy Anderson, Demographic Surveys Division, Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, carried out questionnaire design and monitored data collection and processing under the supervision of Marilyn M. Monahan and Gertrude Odom. Bridget F. Grant, Ph.D., assisted BJS in the development of the inmate survey questions associated with the DSM-IV criteria for measuring dependence or abuse. Dr. Grant is Chief of Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. July 2005, NCJ 209588 Office of Justice Programs Partnerships for Safer Communities Http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov --------------------------------------------- End of file 07/08/05 ih