U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2000 March 2001, NCJ 185989 --------------------------------------------------------- This file is text only without graphics and many of the tables. A Zip archive of the tables in this report in spreadsheet format (.wk1) and the full report including tables and graphics in .pdf format are available from: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/pjim00.htm This report is one in a series. More recent editions may be available. To view a list of all in the series go to http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pubalp2.htm#pubalp2.htm#pjmidyear --------------------------------------------------------- By Allen J. Beck, Ph.D. and Jennifer C. Karberg BJS Statisticians --------------------------------------------------------- Highlights From yearend 1990 to midyear 2000 -- * The rate of incarceration in prison and jail increased from 1 in every 218 U.S. residents to 1 in every 142. * State, Federal, and local governments had to accommodate an additional 82,438 inmates per year (or the equivalent of 1,585 new inmates per week). In the year ending June 30, 2000 -- * The number of inmates held in jail rose by 15,206, in State prison by 27,953, and in Federal prison by 13,501. In the three largest State prison systems, the number dropped in California (down 33 inmates) and New York (down 2,269 inmates), while it rose in Texas (up 890 inmates). On June 30, 2000 -- * Privately operated prison facilities held 76,010 inmates (up 9.1% since yearend 1999). * Local jails were operating 8% below their rated capacity. In contrast, at yearend 1999 State prisons were between 1% and 17% above capacity, and Federal prisons were 32% above their rated capacity. * An estimated 12% of black males, 4% of Hispanic males, and 1.7% of white males in their twenties and early thirties were in prison or jail. * There were 110 female inmates per 100,000 women in the U.S., compared to 1,297 male inmates per 100,000 men. -------------------------------------------------------- At midyear 2000 the Nation's prisons and jails incarcerated 1,931,859 persons. Federal and State prison authorities and local jail authorities held in their custody 702 persons per 100,000 U.S. residents. Prisoners in the custody of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Federal Government accounted for two-thirds of the incarcerated population (1,310,710 inmates). The other third were held in local jails (621,149). On June 30, 2000, 1,385,492 prisoners were under Federal and State jurisdiction, which includes inmates in custody and persons under the legal authority of a prison system but held outside its facilities. The number under State jurisdiction rose by 1.5% -- the smallest annual growth rate in 29 years -- while the number under Federal jurisdiction rose by 9.3%. Idaho (up 17.9%), Delaware (up 12.5%), and North Dakota (up 10.5%) had the largest percentage increases. Eleven States had decreases, including Massachusetts (-4.8%), Alaska (-4.4%), and New York (-3.1%). At midyear 2000 local jail authorities held or supervised 687,033 offenders. Ten percent of these offenders (65,884) were supervised outside jail facilities in programs such as community service, work release, weekend reporting, electronic monitoring, and other alternative programs. 1.9 million inmates were in prisons and local jails On June 30, 2000, 1,310,710 inmates were in the custody of State and Federal prison authorities, and 621,149 inmates were in the custody of local jail authorities. These data were collected in the 2000 National Prisoner Statistics program and the 2000 Annual Survey of Jails. Since midyear 1999 the total incarcerated population has increased 3.0%. Including inmates in public and privately operated facilities, the number of inmates in State prisons increased 2.4%; in Federal prisons, 11.4%; and in local jails, 2.5%. At midyear 2000, 6.8% of inmates were held in Federal prison, up from 5.1% in 1990. Between 1990 and midyear 2000, the incarcerated population grew on average 5.6% annually. During this period the Federal and State prison populations and the local jail population grew at the average annual rates of 8.8%, 5.9%, and 4.6%, respectively. -------------------------------- Based on current policies and practices, the Nation's inmate population is projected to reach 2 million by late 2001 * Although future growth is difficult to predict due to declining crime rates and changing Federal, State, and local criminal justice policies, inmate populations can be projected based on recent numerical increases and growth rates. Based on three different sets of assumptions about Federal and State prison and local jail population growth, national estimates have been produced through the end of 2005. * Assuming a continuation of either numerical increases or growth rates for the 12-month period ending June 30, 2000, the total inmate population is projected to reach 2 million by the end of 2001 and 2.2 million by 2005. * If growth rates continue to decline and then stabilize by yearend 2005, the Nation's prison and jail population will total 2.1 million. Assuming the inmate populations grow at the same rate as the U.S. resident population, by 2005 the incarceration rate will stabilize at 735 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents. Estimated future number of persons to be held in prison and jail, by assumption, 2000-2005 Total Prisoners in inmates State Inmates in in or Federal local Date custody custody jails Assumption 1: 1999-2000 numerical increases continue/a 12/31/00 1,954,100 1,325,400 628,700 12/31/01 2,010,800 1,366,800 643,900 12/31/02 2,067,400 1,408,300 659,200 12/31/03 2,124,100 1,449,700 674,400 12/31/04 2,180,700 1,491,200 689,600 12/31/05 2,237,400 1,532,600 704,800 Assumption 2: 1999-2000 rates of growth continue/b 12/31/00 1,955,300 1,326,400 628,900 12/31/01 2,016,000 1,371,200 644,700 12/31/02 2,079,500 1,418,600 660,900 12/31/03 2,146,200 1,468,800 677,500 12/31/04 2,216,300 1,521,800 694,500 12/31/05 2,290,200 1,578,300 711,900 Assumption 3: Stable incarceration rates by yearend 2005/c 12/31/00 1,951,600 1,323,500 628,000 12/31/01 2,000,300 1,359,200 641,100 12/31/02 2,042,600 1,390,100 652,500 12/31/03 2,077,800 1,401,500 662,300 12/31/04 2,105,400 1,435,000 670,300 12/31/05 2,124,800 1,448,300 676,500 a/Applies fixed 6-month increases from 6/30/99 to 6/30/00 to the prison and jail populations on 6/30/00. b/Applies 12-month percentage increases (ending 6/30/00) to jail and prison populations (and assumes steady growth through each year for jails and the 6-month growth pattern for prisons during 1999-2000). c/Based on declining annual percentage increases (that drop from 6/30/00 to 12/31/05); assumes slowing growth in each year; and assumes convergence on an annual increase of 0.923% (that equals the projected annual rate of increase for the U.S. resident population). -------------------------------------- In the 12 months before midyear 2000, the number of inmates in prison and jail rose an estimated 56,660 inmates, or 1,090 inmates per week. Since yearend 1990, the total custody population has risen by 783,157 inmates, the equivalent of 1,585 inmates per week. The rate of incarceration in prison and jail in 2000 was 702 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents -- up from 458 per 100,000 in 1990. At midyear 2000, 1 in every 142 U.S. residents were incarcerated. U.S. prison population rose 2.3%-- the smallest annual growth rate since 1971 Between July 1, 1999, and June 30, 2000, the number of inmates under State jurisdiction grew 1.5%, and the number under Federal jurisdiction, 9.3%. Jurisdiction counts include prisoners in custody and persons under the legal authority of a prison system while being held outside its facilities. Compared to the previous 12-month period ending June 30, 1999, State prison growth rates were significantly smaller (down from 3.8%), while the Federal prison growth rate was down from 9.6%. In absolute numbers, the total increase of 30,710 prison inmates between July 1, 1999, and June 30, 2000, was the smallest 12-month increase in the decade and about half the annual average growth (59,244) since 1990. Annual increase in the number of prisoners under State or Federal jurisdiction, July 1-June 30 Years Jurisdiction Custody 1999-2000 30,710 41,454 1998-99 56,059 44,852 1997-98 57,726 51,019 1996-97 56,710 47,480 1995-96 57,507 -- 03/13/05 90,881 -- 03/13/05 72,854 -- 03/13/05 69,525 -- 03/13/05 51,020 -- 03/13/05 49,446 -- Average growth, 1990-2000 59,244 -------------------------- Nearly 40% of the growth in the prison populations during the 12 months ending June 30, 2000, was accounted for by the Federal system (12,152 additional inmates). During this 12-month period, three States experienced growth of at least 10%, led by Idaho (17.9%), Delaware (12.5%), and North Dakota (10.5%). Eleven States experienced a decline in their prison population. Massachusetts had the largest percentage decrease (-4.8%), followed by Alaska (-4.4%), New York (-3.1%), and New Jersey (-2.8%). Prison incarceration rates have risen sharply since 1990 The incarceration rate of State and Federal prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year reached 481 per 100,000 U.S. residents on June 30, 2000. Eleven States led by Louisiana (793 sentenced prisoners per 100,000 State residents), Texas (779), Oklahoma (681), and Mississippi (630) exceeded the national rate. Three States -- Minnesota (129), Maine (130), and North Dakota (146) -- had rates that were less than a third of the national rate. The District of Columbia, a totally urban jurisdiction, held 1,264 sentenced prisoners per 100,000 District residents at midyear 2000. Since 1990 the number of sentenced inmates per 100,000 residents has risen an average of 5.4% annually, increasing from 292 to 481. During this period prison incarceration rates rose the most in the South (from 316 to 550) and West (from 277 to 424). The rate in the Midwest rose from 239 to 371, and the rate in the Northeast rose from 232 to 327. The number of sentenced Federal prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents increased from 20 to 43 over the same period. Privately operated prisons held over 76,000 State and Federal inmates On June 30, 2000, 31 States, the District of Columbia, and the Federal system reported a total of 76,010 prisoners held in privately operated facilities. These private facilities held 5.8% of all State inmates, up from 5.4% at yearend 1999. Since yearend 1999, when BJS began collecting separate counts of privately held inmates, the number of inmates in private facilities has risen by 6,317, representing 9.1% increase in the 6-month period. Texas (with 14,339 State inmates housed in private facilities) and Oklahoma (with 6,735) reported the largest number at midyear 2000. Four States -- New Mexico (41%), Alaska (34%), Montana (32%), and Oklahoma (29%) -- and the District of Columbia (36%) had at least 25% of their prisoners in private facilities. Except for Wisconsin (with 22% of its State inmates in private facilities) and New Jersey (with 8%), the use of private facilities was concentrated among Southern and Western States. ------------------------ Female prisoner population has more than doubled since 1990 From July 1, 1999, to June 30, 2000, the number of women under the jurisdiction of State and Federal prison authorities grew from 89,507 to 92,688, an increase of 3.6%. The number of men rose 2.2%, from 1,265,275 to 1,292,804. At midyear 2000 California, Texas, and the Federal systems housed nearly 4 of every 10 females inmates. Since 1990 the annual rate of growth of female inmates has averaged 8.1%, higher than the 6.2% average increase of male inmates. While the number of male prisoners has grown 77% since 1990, the number of female prisoners has increased 110%. By June 30, 2000, women accounted for 6.7% of all prisoners, up from 5.7% in 1990. Relative to their number in the U.S. resident population, men were nearly 15 times more likely than women to be in a State or Federal prison. On June 30, 2000, the rate for inmates serving a sentence of more than 1 year was 66 sentenced female inmates per 100,000 women in the United States, compared to 961 sentenced male inmates per 100,000 men. Number of State inmates under age 18 declining A total of 3,915 State prisoners were under age 18 on June 30, 2000, down from 4,194 at midyear 1999. Florida (with 466) and Connecticut (with 382) reported the largest number in prison at midyear 2000, followed by New York (264), North Carolina (263), and Texas (261). Overall, fewer than half of 1% of State inmates were under age 18. At midyear the Nation's jails supervised 687,033 persons As defined in this report, jails are locally operated correctional facilities that confine persons before or after adjudication. Inmates sentenced to jail usually have a sentence of 1 year or less, but jails also incarcerate persons in a wide variety of other categories. (See box below.) Based on the 2000 Annual Survey of Jails, the Nation's local jails held or supervised 687,033 offenders on June 30, 2000. Jail authorities supervised 10% of these offenders (65,884) in alternative programs outside the jail facilities. A total of 621,149 persons were housed in local jails. --------------------------------- Jails -- * receive individuals pending arraignment and hold them awaiting trial, conviction, or sentencing * readmit probation, parole, and bail-bond violators and absconders * temporarily detain juveniles pending transfer to juvenile authorities * hold mentally ill persons pending their movement to appropriate health facilities * hold individuals for the military, for protective custody, for contempt, and for the courts as witnesses * release convicted inmates to the community upon completion of sentence * transfer inmates to Federal, State, or other authorities * house inmates for Federal, State, or other authorities because of crowding of their facilities * relinquish custody of temporary detainees to juvenile and medical authorities * sometimes operate community- based programs as alternatives to incarceration * hold inmates sentenced to short terms (generally under 1 year). --------------------------- Among persons under community supervision by jail staff in 2000, 21% were required to perform community service (13,592) and 22% to participate in a weekend reporting program (14,523). Sixteen percent of offenders in the community were under electronic monitoring; 10% were other under pretrial supervision; 9% were in a drug, alcohol, mental health, or other type of medical treatment program; and 12% were in a work release or other alternative work program. Number of jail inmates rose 15,200 in 12 months ending June 30, 2000 Between July 1, 1999, and June 30, 2000, the number of persons held in local jail facilities grew 2.5% -- from 605,943 to 621,149. The 12-month increase was well below the average growth (4.4%) from midyear 1990 to midyear 2000. In absolute numbers, the total increase of 15,206 inmates in 2000 represented an increase in growth since 1999 (in which the number of inmates rose by 13,481 or 2.3% from 1998). 12-month period Percent increase 1999-2000 2.5% 1998-99 2.3 1997-98 4.5 1996-97 9.4 1995-96 2.3 1994-95 4.2 Annual average, 1990-2000 4.4% Since 1990 the Nation's jail population on a per capita basis has increased over a third. During this period the number of jail inmates per 100,000 residents rose from 163 to 226. Year Jail incarceration rate* 2000 226 1999 222 1998 219 1997 212 1996 196 1995 193 1990 163 *Number of jail inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents on July 1 of each year. When offenders under community supervision by jail authorities are included with those in custody, the rate was 250 offenders per 100,000 U.S. residents at midyear 2000. A total of 7,616 persons under age 18 were housed in adult jails on June 30, 2000. Eighty percent of these young inmates had been convicted or were being held for trial as adults in criminal court. (See Methodology for definition of juvenile.) The average daily population for the year ending June 30, 2000, was 618,319, an increase of 1.7% from 1999. Characteristics of jail inmates changed little Male inmates made up 88.6% of the local jail inmate population at midyear 2000 -- 2 percentage points lower than at midyear 1990. During the 12-month period ending June 30, 2000, the number of female inmates rose by 4.3%, while the percent of male inmates rose by 2.7%. On average the adult female jail population has grown 6.6% annually since 1990, while the adult male inmate population has grown 4%. On June 30, 2000, local jails held nearly 1 in every 181 adult men and 1 in 1,509 adult women. At midyear 2000 a majority of local jail inmates were black or Hispanic. White non-Hispanics made up 41.9% of the jail population; black non-Hispanics, 41.3%; Hispanics, 15.1%; and other races (Asians, Pacific Islanders, American Indians, and Alaska Natives), 1.6%. Relative to their number of U.S. residents, black non-Hispanics were over 5 1/2 times more likely than white non-Hispanics, over 2 1/2 times more likely than Hispanics, and over 9 times more likely than persons of other races to have been held in a local jail on June 30, 2000. Rate per 100,000 Estimated residents in each count group Total 621,149 226 White/a 260,500 132 Black/a 256,300 736 Hispanic 94,100 280 Asian/b 10,200 80 Note: Inmate counts were estimated and rounded to the nearest 100. a/Non-Hispanic only. b/Includes American Indians, Alaskan Natives, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders. On June 30, 2000, an estimated 56% of the Nation's adult jail inmates were awaiting court action on their current charge. An estimated 270,000 inmates held in local jails were serving a sentence in jail, awaiting sentencing, or serving time for a probation or parole violation. The 50 largest jail jurisdictions housed a third of all jail inmates On June 30, 2000, the Nation's 50 largest jail jurisdictions held 33% (206,914) of all jail inmates. Twenty-one States had at least one jurisdiction which ranked in the top 50 for average daily population. States with more than one jurisdiction among the Nation's 50 largest jurisdictions are California (11), Florida (8), Texas (6), Georgia (3), Ohio (3), Pennsylvania (2), Tennessee (2), and New Jersey (2). The two jurisdictions with the most inmates, Los Angeles County and New York City, together held approximately 33,300 inmates, or 5.4% of the national total. Nineteen jurisdictions among the 50 largest experienced a decrease in the number of inmates held between July 1, 1999, and June 30, 2000. Jurisdictions with the largest decreases were Fulton County, GA (down 15.1%); San Francisco and Santa Clara County, CA (both down 14.6%); New York City, NY (down 12.1%); and Shelby County, TN (down 10.9%). Jurisdictions with the largest increases in their jail populations were San Bernardino County, CA (up 17.4%); Travis County, TX (15.9%); Oklahoma County, OK (13.5%); De Kalb County, GA (12.3%); and Broward County, FL (11.5) At midyear 2000, 92% of jail capacity was occupied In the 12 months ending June 30, 2000, more beds than inmates were added to the Nation's jails. At midyear 2000 the rated capacity of the Nation's local jails was estimated at 677,787, an increase of 25,466 in 12 months. Rated capacity is the maximum number of beds or inmates allocated by State or local rating officials to each jail facility. The growth in jail capacity during the 12-month period ending on June 30, 2000, was less than the average growth of 28,862 beds every 12 months since 1990, and was considerably less than growth of jail capacity in 1999 (39,541). As of June 30, 2000, 92% of the local jail capacity was occupied.(*On December 31, State prisons were operating at between 1% and 17% above capacity, while Federal prisons were operating at 32% above capacity. See Prisoner and Jail Inmates at Midyear 1999, April 2000, NCJ 181643*). As a ratio of all inmates housed in jail facilities to total capacity, the percentage occupied decreased by 12 percentage points from 1990 to 2000. At midyear 1990 local jails operated at 4% above their rated capacity. Jail jurisdictions with the largest average daily populations reported the highest occupancy rates. At midyear 2000 occupancy was 103% of rated capacity in jail jurisdictions with an average daily population of 1,000 or more inmates, compared to 68% in those with fewer than 50 inmates. Percent Size of of capacity jurisdiction* occupied Total 92% Fewer than 50 inmates 68 50-99 88 100-249 100 250-499 101 500-999 99 1,000 or more 103 *Based on the average daily population in the year ending June 30, 2000. An estimated 12% of black males in their twenties and early thirties were in prison or jail in 2000 When total incarceration rates are estimated separately by age group, black males in their twenties and thirties are found to have very high rates relative to other groups. Among the more than 1.9 million offenders incarcerated on June 30, 2000, an estimated 588,800 were black males between the ages of 20 and 39. Expressed in terms of percentages, 13.1% of black non-Hispanic males age 25 to 29 were in prison or jail, compared to 4.1% of Hispanic males and about 1.7% of white males in the same age group. Although incarceration rates drop with age, the percentage of black males age 45 to 54 in prison or jail in 2000 was an estimated 3.4% -- nearly twice the highest rate (1.9%) among white males (age 30 to 34). Female incarceration rates, though significantly lower than male rates at every age, reveal similar racial and ethnic disparities. Black non-Hispanic females (with a prison and jail rate of 380 per 100,000) were 3 times more likely than Hispanic females (117 per 100,000) and 6 times more likely than white females (63 per 100,000) to be incarcerated in 2000. These differences among white, black, and Hispanic females were consistent across all age groups. Among black non-Hispanic females, the rate was highest (1,409 per 100,000) among those age 30 to 34. This rate was only slightly lower than the highest rate among white males (1,861 per 100,000). Methodology National Prisoner Statistics (NPS) The Bureau of Justice Statistics, with the U.S. Census Bureau as its collection agent, obtains yearend and midyear counts of prisoners from departments of correction in each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. In an effort to collect comparable data from all jurisdictions, NPS distinguishes between prisoners in custody from those under jurisdiction. To have custody of a prisoner, a State must hold that person in one of its facilities. To have jurisdiction, a State has legal authority over the prisoner. Prisoners under a State's jurisdiction may be in the custody of a local jail, another State's prison, or other correctional facility. Some States are unable to provide both custody and jurisdiction counts. (See National Prisoner Statistics jurisdiction notes.) Excluded from NPS counts are persons confined in locally administered confinement facilities who are under the jurisdiction of local authorities. NPS counts include all inmates in State-operated facilities in Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode Island, and Vermont, which have combined jail-prison systems. Annual Survey of Jails, 2000 In each of the years between the full censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the Nation's jails and the inmates housed in these jails. Based on information from the 1999 Census of Jails, a sample of jail jurisdictions was selected for the 2000 survey. A jurisdiction is a county (parish in Louisiana) or municipal government that administers one or more local jails. The sample included all jail facilities (947) in 877 jurisdictions. In drawing the sample, all multi-jurisdictional (45) jails were included in the sample with certainty. These jails are operated jointly by two or more jurisdictions. Other jurisdictions (357) were included automatically in the sample if their jails held juvenile inmates on census day and had an average daily population of 250 or more inmates, or if their jails held only adults and had an average daily population of 500 or more. The remaining jurisdictions were stratified into two groups: jurisdictions with jails holding at least one juvenile on June 30, 1999, and jurisdictions with jails holding adults only. Using stratified probability sampling, 475 jurisdictions were then selected from 10 strata based on the average daily population in the 1999 census. Data were obtained by mailed and web-based survey questionnaires. After follow-up phone calls to respondents, the response rate for the survey was 100% for critical items such as rated capacity, average daily population, and number of inmates confined. Sampling error Survey estimates have an associated sampling error because not all jurisdictions were contacted for the survey. Estimates based on the sample survey may differ somewhat from the results of conducting a complete census. Different samples could yield somewhat different results. Standard error is a measure of the variation among the estimates from all possible samples, stating the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the average of all possible samples. The estimated relative sampling error for the total number of persons under the jurisdiction of jail authorities of 687,033 on June 30, 2000, was 0.41%; for persons held in the custody of jail authorities of 621,149 was 0.41%. (See appendix tables 1 and 2 on page 11 for specific estimates and their relative sampling errors.) Juveniles State statutes and judicial practices allow juveniles to be incarcerated in adult jails under a variety of circumstances. Because of the differing statutes and practices, however, accurate and comparable data on juveniles are difficult to collect. Beginning in 1994 BJS has provided estimates of the total number of jail inmates under age 18, the number held as adults, and the number held as juveniles. Sampling procedures were first implemented in 1994 and then further modified in 2000 to minimize the standard errors of these estimates. National Prisoner Statistics jurisdiction notes Alabama -- Counts are for September 29, 2000. Alaska -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Jurisdiction counts exclude inmates held in local jails that are operated by communities. Arizona -- Counts are based on custody data. California -- Beginning with NPS-1 counts for 12/31/98, jurisdiction counts include felons and unsentenced inmates temporarily housed in local jails. Colorado -- Counts include inmates in the Youthful Offender System. Counts of inmates with sentences of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year or less. Connecticut -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Delaware -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. District of Columbia -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Florida -- Counts are based on custody data. Georgia -- Counts are based on custody data. Hawaii -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Illinois -- Counts are based on custody data. Counts of inmates with sentences of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year. Iowa -- Counts are based on custody data. Kansas -- Counts of inmates with sentences of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year or less. Maryland -- Counts by sentence length are estimates extracted from actual sentence length breakdowns from automated data and applied to totals based on manual data. Massachusetts -- Counts are for July 2, 2000. Jurisdiction counts exclude approximately 5,000 male inmates in the county system (local jails and houses of correction) serving a sentence of over 1 year. These male inmates are included in Massachusetts' incarceration rate. By law offenders may be sentenced to terms up to 2 1/2 years in locally operated jails and correctional institutions. Missouri -- Revised counts for June 30, 1999, include inmates in residential treatment facilities. Nevada -- Counts are for July 20, 2000. New Jersey -- Counts of inmates with sentences of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year. North Carolina -- Counts by sentence length are estimates. Ohio -- Counts of inmates with sentences of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year or less. Oklahoma -- Counts of inmates with sentences of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year or less. Oregon -- Counts of inmates with sentences of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year or less. Rhode Island -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Tennessee -- Jurisdiction and custody counts for June 30, 1999, were revised to reflect NPS definitions. Texas -- Jurisdiction counts include inmates serving time in a pre-parole transfer (PPT) or intermediary sanctions facility (SAFPF), temporary releases to counties, and "paper ready" inmates in local jails. Vermont -- Prisons and jails form an integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Jurisdiction counts exclude 350 inmates in Virginia and New Jersey. Wisconsin -- Custody counts exclude inmates held in non-Wisconsin DOC facilities under contract. The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the statistical agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. Lawrence A. Greenfeld is acting director.BJS Bulletins present the first release of findings from permanent data collection programs such as the National Prisoner Statistics program and the Annual Survey of Jails. Allen J. Beck and Jennifer C. Karberg wrote this report. Laura Maruschak and Todd Minton provided statistical review and verification. Ellen Goldberg edited and produced the report. Jayne E. Robinson administered final production. Data collection and processing for the National Prisoner Statistics program were carried out by Brian DeVos under the supervision of Marilyn Monahan and Gertrude Odom, Demographic Surveys Division, Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. Data collection and processing for the Annual Survey of Jails were carried out by Lisa McNelis, Diron Gaskins, and Duane Cavanaugh, under the supervision of Pam Butler, Governments Division, Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. Suzanne M. Dorinski, Economic Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Census Bureau, designed and selected the sample. March 2001, NCJ 185989 End of file 03/22/01 ih