Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Statistical Tables Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009-Statistical Tables June 2010 NCJ 230113 ------------------------------------------------------------- This file is text only without graphics and many of the tables. A Zip archive of the tables in this report in spreadsheet format (.csv) and the full report including tables and graphics in .pdf format are available from: . This report is one in a series. More recent editions may be available. To view a list of all in the series go to http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbse&sid=38 ------------------------------------------------------------- Heather C. West, Ph.D. BJS Statistician As of June 30, 2009, state and federal correctional authorities had jurisdiction over 1,617,478 prisoners, an increase of 0.5% (7,719 prisoners) since December 31, 2008.***Footnote Jurisdiction refers to prisoners under the legal authority of state and federal correctional officials, regardless of where a prisoner is held.*** Overall, 34 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons reported increases in their prison population during this 6-month period. The Federal Bureau of Prisons reported the largest increase with a growth of 5,297 prisoners followed by Georgia (up 1,733), Pennsylvania (up 1,316), Indiana (up 1,207), North Carolina (up 1,062), and Florida (up 1,035). Of the 16 states reporting decreases, California (down 3,644), Texas (down 2,347), and Michigan (down 1,554) reported the largest decreases. Eighteen states reported changes of less than 100 prisoners such as Nebraska (up 1) and Idaho (down 7). The statistical tables included in this report detail the characteristics of the U.S. prison population and provide data on the total custody population. Selected characteristics of prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction: From December 31, 2009 to June 30, 2009 *The U.S. prison population increased by 7,719 prisoners (0.5%), reaching 1,617,478 prisoners (table 1). *About 70% (5,297 prisoners) of the prison growth occurred at the federal level. The remaining increase of 2,422 prisoners occurred at the state level. *About 1 in every 198 U.S. residents was imprisoned with a sentence of more than 1 year, a rate of 504 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents (table 10). *Males were imprisoned at a rate 14 times higher than females (954 per 100,000 U.S. residents compared to 68 per 100,000 U.S. residents, respectively). *Approximately 8% (127,688 prisoners) of the prison population was housed in private facilities (table 11). *Another 5.1% (82,370 prisoners) of the prison population was housed in local jails (table 13). Selected characteristics of inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails: As of June 30, 2009 *State and federal prisons and local jails had custody, or physical guardianship, over 2,297,400 inmates, a decrease of 0.5% since yearend 2008 (table 15). *The decrease in the custody population resulted from the 2.3% (17,936 inmates) decline of inmates held in local jails. *About 1 in every 134 U.S. residents was held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, a rate of 748 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents. *Black non-Hispanic males, with an incarceration rate of 4,749 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents, were incarcerated at a rate more than 6 times higher than white non-Hispanic males (708 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents) and 2.6 times higher than Hispanic males (1,822 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents) (table 18). *One in every 300 black females was incarcerated compared to about 1 in every 1,099 white females and 1 in every 704 Hispanic females. *Non-U.S. citizens made up 4.1% (94,498 inmates) of the state and federal custody population. *Another 2,778 inmates in state custody were under age 18. 2009 Statistical Tables Table 1. Prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal prisons or in the custody of state or federal prisons or in local jails, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009 Table 2. Prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009 Table 3. Male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009 Table 4. Female prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009 Table 5. Sentenced prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009 Table 6. Number of sentenced male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state and federal correctional authorities, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009 Table 7. Sentenced male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009 Table 8. Number of sentenced female prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30 2008 and 2009 Table 9. Sentenced female prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30 2008 and 2009 Table 10. Imprisonment rates of sentenced prisoners under jurisdiction of state and federal correctional authorities, by sex and jurisdiction, June 30, 2009 Table 11. Number of state or federal prisoners in private facilities, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009 Table 12. Number of state and federal prisoners in private facilities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009 Table 13. Number of state or federal prisoners in local facilities, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009 Table 14. Number of state and federal prisoners in local facilities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009 Table 15. Inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009 Table 16. Estimated number of inmates held in custody in state or federal prison or in local jails, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, June 30, 2000-2009 Table 17. Estimated number of inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age, June 30, 2009 Table 18. Estimated number of inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails per 100,000 U.S. residents, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, June 30, 2000-2009 Table 19. Estimated number of inmates held in custody in state or federal prison, or in local jails per 100,000 U.S. residents, by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age, June 30, 2009 Table 20. Reported number of non-U.S. citizens held in custody in state or federal prisons, by sex, region, and jurisdiction, June 30, 2008 and 2009 Table 21. Reported number of inmates under age 18 held in custody in state prisons, by sex, region, and jurisdiction, June 30, 2008 and 2009 Methodology National Prisoner Statistics Begun in 1926 under a mandate from Congress, the National Prisoner Statistics (NPS) program collects statistics on prisoners at midyear and yearend. The Census Bureau serves as the data collection agent for the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). BJS depends entirely on voluntary participation by states' departments of corrections and the Federal Bureau of Prisons for NPS data. The NPS distinguishes between inmates in custody and prisoners under jurisdiction. To have custody of an inmate, a state or the Federal Bureau of Prisons must hold that inmate in one of its facilities. To have jurisdiction over a prisoner, a state or the Federal Bureau of Prisons must have legal authority over the prisoner. Some states are unable to provide counts that distinguish between custody and jurisdiction. The NPS jurisdiction counts include prisoners serving a sentence within a jurisdiction's facilities including prisons, penitentiaries, correctional facilities, halfway houses, boot camps, farms, training or treatment centers, and hospitals. They include prisoners who are *temporarily absent (less than 30 days), out to court, or on work release *housed in privately operated facilities, local jails, other state or federal facilities *serving concurrent sentences for more than one correctional authority. The NPS custody counts include all inmates held within a respondent's facilities including inmates housed for other correctional facilities. The custody counts exclude inmates held in local jails and in other jurisdictions. With a few exceptions, the NPS custody counts include inmates held in private facilities. Additionally, NPS data include counts of inmates in combined jail-prison systems in Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode Island, and Vermont. States and the Federal Bureau of Prisons have the ability to update data submitted the previous year. This report provides updates for midyear and yearend 2008 counts. Nevada was not able to provide 2007 data. Estimates were calculated using ratio estimates. All numbers were reviewed and approved by the Nevada Department of Corrections. The District of Columbia (D.C.) became a jail-only jurisdiction by yearend 2001, when the Federal Bureau of Prisons assumed responsibility for housing all sentenced felons from D.C. Selected previously published prisoner counts and percent population change statistics include D.C. jail inmates for 2001, the last year of collection. See notes in tables for additional information. Additional information about the NPS data collection instrument is available on the BJS Website at . Other inmate counts Data on the number of inmates held in the custody of local jails are from the BJS Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ). The ASJ provides data on inmates in custody at midyear. For more information about the ASJ, see Methodology in Jail Inmates at Midyear 2009-Statistical Tables, BJS Web, 3 June 2010. Federal prisoner data used to calculate race distributions are obtained from BJS's Federal Justice Statistics Program (FJSP). The FJSP obtains data from the Federal Bureau of Prisons. These data include individual-level records of prisoners in federal facilities as of September 30. Specifically, the FJSP provides counts of sentenced federal inmates by sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Estimating age-specific incarceration rates Estimates are provided for the number of inmates in the custody of state and federal prisons and in local jails, by sex. Further, within sex prisoners are characterized by age, race (non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black), and Hispanic origin. The detailed race and Hispanic origin categories exclude estimates of persons identifying two or more races. For 2000 and 2008, estimates were produced separately for inmates held in the custody of state and federal prisons and in local jails. These estimates were then combined to obtain a total estimated population. State estimates were prepared by combining information about the sex of prisoners from the NPS with information on self-reported race and Hispanic origin from the 2004 Survey of Inmates of State Correctional Facilities. For the estimates of federal prisoners, the distributions of FJSP counts of sentenced federal prisoners by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin on September 30, 2008 were applied to the NPS counts of sentenced federal prisoners, by sex, at midyear 2009. Estimates of the U.S. resident population for July 1, 2009, by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, were generated by applying the June 30, 2008 age distributions within sex, race, and Hispanic origin groups to the July 1, 2009 population estimates by sex. The population estimates were provided by the U.S. Census Bureau. Age-specific rates of incarceration for each demographic group were calculated by dividing the estimated number of inmates in custody within each age group by the estimated number of U.S. residents in each age group. That number was multiplied by 100,000, and then rounded to the nearest whole number. Sex totals include all inmates and U.S. residents regardless of race or Hispanic origin. Incarceration rates for detailed race and Hispanic origin groups exclude persons identifying two or more races. Definitions Average annual change the arithmetic average (mean) annual change across a specific time period. Custody the number of inmates held in state or federal prisons or local jails, regardless of sentence length or the authority having jurisdiction. Imprisonment rate the number of prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction sentenced to more than 1 year, per 100,000 U.S. residents. Inmates individuals held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails. Jail confinement facilities usually administered by a local law enforcement agency, intended for adults but sometimes holding juveniles, before or after adjudication. Facilities include jails and city/county correctional centers, special jail facilities such as medical treatment or release centers, halfway houses, work farms, and temporary holding or lockup facilities that are part of the jail's combined function. Inmates sentenced to jail facilities usually have a sentence of 1 year or less. Jurisdiction the number of prisoners under the legal authority of state or federal correctional officials regardless where the prisoner is held. Prisons compared to jail facilities, prisons are longer-term facilities run by a state or the federal government and typically holding prisoners with sentences of more than 1 year. However, sentence length may vary by state. Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, Delaware, Alaska, and Hawaii operate integrated systems which combine prisons and jails. Prisoners individuals under the legal authority (jurisdiction) of state and federal correctional officials. Sentenced prisoner a prisoner sentenced to more than 1 year. Total incarceration rate the number of inmates held in the custody of state or federal prisons or in local jails, per 100,000 U.S. residents. Total inmates in custody includes inmates held in any public facility run by a state or the Federal Bureau of Prisons, including halfway houses, camps, farms, training/treatment centers, and hospitals. This number also includes the number of inmates held in local jails as reported by correctional authorities in the Annual Survey of Jails. Data for jails reflect populations on the last working day of June. NPS jurisdiction notes Alaska Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations housed within the state and outside of the state. Jurisdictional counts exclude inmates held in local jails that are operated by communities. Arizona Population counts are based on custody data and inmates in contracted beds. Arkansas Jurisdiction counts for 2009 include offenders serving concurrent sentences in other states and those out on bond. California Jurisdiction counts include felons and unsentenced inmates who are temporarily absent, i.e., housed in local jails, hospitals, etc. This definition is comparable to the 1998 NPS 1b definition. Custody counts include inmates housed in contract facilities outside the state. Connecticut Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Colorado Counts include 207 male and 10 female inmates in the Youthful Offender System, which was established primarily for violent juvenile offenders. Delaware Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Federal Custody counts include inmates housed in secure facilities where the Bureau of Prisons contracted directly with a private operator or subcontracted with a private provider at a local government facility. Custody includes inmates held in non-secure privately-operated community corrections centers (e.g., halfway houses) and in home confinement. Florida The 2009 custody count includes all inmates out to court. These inmates were previously counted in other state facilities. Georgia Counts are based on custody data. Hawaii Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All Anapestic include jail and prison populations. Racial counts are based on the racial distributions in Hawaii's Corrections Management Information System and inmate counts from each facility. Illinois Population counts are based on jurisdiction data. Counts of inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year include an undetermined number of inmates with a sentence of less than 1 year. Iowa Population counts are based on custody data. Population counts for inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year include an undetermined number of inmates with a sentence of less than 1 year and unsentenced inmates. Iowa does not differentiate among these groups in its data system. Kansas Population counts for inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year include a small undetermined number of inmates with sentences of less than 1 year. Louisiana Counts for 2007 are as of December 27, 2007. Maryland The exclusive use of an automated data system may have rendered counts for 2009 not comparable to previous years' counts. Massachusetts By law, offenders may be sentenced to terms of up to 2 years and 6 months in locally-operated jails and correctional institutions. Such populations are included in counts and rates for local jails and correctional institutions. Inmates with sentences of more than 1 year (4,012) were held in local jails. Jurisdiction and custody counts include an undetermined number of inmates who were remanded to court, transferred to the custody of another state, federal, or locally-operated system, and subsequently released. Mississippi Jurisdiction counts include 1,009 males and 134 females with unknown sentence lengths. Nevada Due to a system conversion, data for 2007 were calculated with ratio estimates and are based on 2006 numbers. All estimates were reviewed by individuals at the Nevada Department of Corrections. New Jersey Counts of inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year include an undetermined number of inmates with sentences of just 1 year. The Department of Corrections has no jurisdiction over inmates with sentences of less than 1 year or over unsentenced inmates. Ohio Counts of inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year include an undetermined number of inmates with sentences of 1 year or less. Oklahoma Population counts for inmates with sentences of less than 1 year consist mainly of offenders ordered by the court to the Delayed Sentencing Program for Young Adults pursuant to 22 O.S. 996 through 996.3. Oregon Counts include an undetermined number of inmates with sentences of 1 year or less. County authorities retain jurisdiction over the majority of these types of inmates. Rhode Island Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Vermont Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Virginia Jurisdiction counts for 2007 reflect populations on December 28, 2007. ------------------------------------------------------------- The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the statistical agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. Michael D. Sinclair is acting director. These Statistical Tables present the first release of findings from permanent data collection programs. Heather C. West, Ph.D. wrote this report. William J. Sabol, P.h.D., Sheri Simmons, and Tracy Snell verified the report. Joshua Giunta carried out the data collection and processing under the supervision of Steve Simoncini, Governments Division, Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. Catherine Bird and Jill Duncan edited the report, Tina Dorsey produced the report, and Jayne E. Robinson prepared the report for final printing under the supervision of Doris J. James. June 2010, NCJ 230113 ------------------------------------------------------------- This report in portable document format and in ASCII and its related statistical data and tables are available at the BJS World Wide Web Internet site: . ------------------------------------------------------------- Office of Justice Programs Innovation Partnerships Safer Neighborhoods http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov ------------------------------------------------------------- Revised 6/23/2010/JER/7:21am