U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin Prisoners in 2001 July 2002, NCJ 195189 ----------------------------------------------------------------- This file is text only without graphics and many of the tables. A Zip archive of the tables in this report in spreadsheet format (.wk1) and the full report including tables and graphics in .pdf format are available from: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/p01.htm This report is one in a series. More recent editions may be available. To view a list of all in the series go to http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pubalp2.htm#Prisoners ----------------------------------------------------------------- By Paige M. Harrison and Allen J. Beck, Ph.D. BJS Statisticians ------------------------------------------------ Highlights * During 2001, 10 States experienced prison population decreases, led by New Jersey (down 5.5%), followed by Utah (-5.2%), New York (- 3.8%), and Texas (-2.8%). Other States had increases, led by West Virginia (up 9.3%), Alaska (8.9%), Idaho (8.5%), Oregon (8.3%), and Hawaii (7.9%). * Between July 1, 2001, and December 31, 2001, the number of inmates under State jurisdiction declined by 3,705 inmates (down 0.3%), repeating the same pattern of decline first observed in the last 6 months of 2000. * The Federal Bureau of Prisons continued to grow rapidly, up 4,205 inmates since midyear 2001. At yearend 2001, the Federal system was the third largest prison system, behind Texas (162,070) and California (159,444). If growth rates remain unchanged, the Federal system will be the largest by yearend 2002. * At yearend 2001, privately operated facilities housed 91,828 inmates (5.8% of State and 12.3% of Federal inmates); local jails housed 70,681State and Federal inmates (5.0% of all prisoners). * On December 31, 2001, State prisons were operating between 1% and 16% above capacity, while Federal prisons were operating at 31% above capacity. * At yearend 2001, 93,031 women were in State or Federal prisons -- 6.6% of all prison inmates. * Since 1995 the number of male prisoners has grown 24% (reaching 1,313,000 in 2001), while the number of female prisoners has increased 36%. * At yearend 2000, 49% of State prisoners were serving time for violent offenses, up from 46% in 1990. * Violent offenders accounted for 55% of the increase among male inmates and 33% of the increase among female inmates. * Among the more than 1.3 million sentenced inmates at yearend 2001, an estimated 441,700 were black males between the ages of 20 and 39. At yearend 2001, 10.0% of black males age 25 to 29 were in prison, compared to 2.9% of Hispanic males and 1.2% of white males in the same age group. ----------------------------------------------------- The total number of prisoners under the jurisdiction of Federal or State adult correctional authorities was 1,406,031 at yearend 2001. During the year the States added 3,193 prisoners, and the Federal prison system added 11,577 prisoners. Overall, the Nation's prison population grew 1.1%, which was less than the average annual growth of 3.8% since yearend 1995. During 2001 the prison population rose at the lowest rate since 1972 and had the smallest absolute increase since 1979. The rate of incarceration in prison at yearend 2001 was 470 sentenced inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents -- up from 411 in 1995. About 1 in every 112 men and 1 in every 1,724 women were sentenced prisoners under the jurisdiction of State or Federal authorities. Overall, the United States incarcerated 2,100,146 persons at yearend 2001. This total represents persons held in -- --Federal and State prisons (1,324,465, which excludes State and Federal prisoners in local jails) --territorial prisons (15,852) --local jails (631,240) --facilities operated by or exclusively for the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (8,761) --military facilities (2,436) --jails in Indian country (1,912) --juvenile facilities (108,965 as of October 1999 More than 1.96 million in prisons and local jails On December 31, 2001, 1,324,465 inmates were in the custody of State and Federal prison authorities, and 631,240 were in the custody of local jail authorities. Since yearend 2000 the total incarcerated population has increased by 24,738. Including inmates in public and privately operated facilities, the number of inmates in State prisons increased 0.4% during 2001; the number in Federal prisons, 7.0%; and in local jails, 1.6%. During 2001 the total incarcerated population grew 1.3% -- about a third of the annual average (3.6%) since 1995. The rate of incarceration in prison and jail was 686 inmates per 100,000 residents in 2001, up from 601 in 1995. At yearend 2001, 1 in every 146 U.S. residents were incarcerated in State or Federal prison or a local jail. U.S. prison population rose 1.1% during 2001 -- the smallest annual growth rate since 1972 The 2001 growth in the number of inmates under State or Federal jurisdiction (1.1%) was lower than the percentage increase recorded during 2000 (1.3%) and the lowest annual rate recorded since 1972. The population under the jurisdiction of State and Federal authorities increased by 14,770 inmates during 2001, lower than the increase in 2000 (up 18,191). Since December 31, 1995, the prison population has grown an average of 41,919 inmates per year. Since 1995 the overall growth of the Nation's prison population has steadily slowed. Annual growth rates dropped from 6.7% in 1995 to 1.1% in 2001. In absolute numbers, the annual increase in prisoners under State or Federal jurisdiction fell from 71,172 in 1995 to 14,770 in 2001. Twelve States reported increases of at least 5% during 2001; 10 States reported decreases Between January 1 and December 31, West Virginia experienced the largest increase (up 9.3%), followed by Alaska (8.9%), Idaho (8.5%), and Oregon (8.3%). Ten States experienced a decline in prison populations. New Jersey had the largest decline (down 5.5%), followed by Utah (down 5.2%), New York (down 3.8%), Texas (down 2.8%), and California (down 2.2%). The District of Columbia (down 63.1%) transferred responsibility for sentenced felons to the Federal Bureau of Prisons. (See page 4.) In absolute numbers of inmates, 10 jurisdictions grew by at least 1,000 inmates. The Federal system (up 11,577), experienced the largest growth, followed by Georgia (up 1,705), and Tennessee (up 1,505). Four States had decreases of at least 1,000 inmates. Texas (down 4,649) experienced the greatest decline, followed by California (down 3,557), New York (down 2,665), and New Jersey (down 1,642). In the last 6 months of 2001, the State prison population declined about 3,700 inmates Between July 1, 2001, and December 31, 2001, the number of inmates under State jurisdiction dropped 0.3% (from 1,252,743 at midyear to 1,249,038 at yearend). At the same time the Federal population continued to grow (up 2.8% from midyear 2001). In the last 6 months of 2001, the Federal population rose 4,205, compared to an increase of 7,372 inmates in the first 6 months. --------------------------------------------- Since January 1, 1995, 6-month growth rates for all States combined have dropped sharply. In addition, growth rates in the first half of each year have been substantially larger than rates in the second half. At the same time, Federal growth rates rose, reaching a peak of 6.0% in the first 6 months of 1999. Since then, growth in the first half of each year slowed (to 5.4% in 2000 and 5.1% in 2001). Federal and State growth affected by the transfer of sentenced felons from the District of Columbia The transfer of responsibility for sentenced felons from the District of Columbia to the Federal system was completed by yearend 2001. Since June 30, 2000, the inmate population in the District of Columbia has dropped by 5,825 inmates (down 68% in 18 months). On December 31, 2001, the Federal system held 6,930 inmates from the District of Columbia, up from 4,486 on June 30, 2001, and 2,858 on December 31, 2000. Approximately 58% of the growth in the Federal system in the last 6 months of 2001 was the result of this transfer of responsibility. Excluding the shift of inmates from the District of Columbia to the Federal system, the overall drop in the State prison population in the last 6 months of 2001 totaled 1,261 inmates (a decline of 0.1%). Sentenced Federal inmate population rose 9.2% during the last 12 months Prisoners with sentences of more than 1 year ("sentenced prisoners") represented 97% of the total State prison population and 87% of the Federal prison population at yearend 2001. During the 12-month period, the sentenced prison population grew 1.1%. The remaining prisoners had sentences of a year or less or were currently unsentenced. While the State sentenced prison population rose 0.3% during 2001, the sentenced Federal prison population grew 9.2%. The Federal prison system added 11,465 sentenced prisoners -- the equivalent of more than 220 new inmates per week. ---------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- Prison incarceration rates continue to rise The incarceration rate of State and Federal prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year was 470 per 100,000 U.S. residents at yearend 2001, up from 469 at yearend 2000. Rates of incarceration have risen steadily. Previously published rates have changed as a result of shifting to population estimates from the 2000 decennial census. Incarceration rates prior to yearend 2000 were based on population estimates using the 1990 Census of Population and Housing. The rate at yearend 1999 was 476 per 100,000. However, if the 2000 census had been used to estimate the yearend 1999 resident population, the revised incarceration rate would have been 463. Of the 12 States with rates greater than that for the Nation at yearend 2001, 8 were in the South, 2 were in the West, and 2 were in the Midwest. Two States -- Maine (127) and Minnesota (132) -- had rates that were less than a third the national rate. The District of Columbia, a wholly urban jurisdiction, was not calculated due to the transfer of responsibility of sentenced felons to the Federal system. Since 1995 the number of sentenced prisoners per 100,000 residents has risen from 411 to 470. During this period, incarceration rates rose most in the South (from 483 to 526) and West (from 358 to 408). The rate in the Midwest rose from 310 to 370, and the rate in the Northeast grew slightly from 301 to 304. The number of sentenced Federal prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents increased from 32 to 48. Since 1995 the sentenced inmate population in State prisons has grown 21%. During this period 10 States increased their sentenced inmate populations by at least 50%, led by North Dakota (up 87%), Idaho (up 81%), and Oregon (up 75%). Between 1995 and 2001 the Federal system reported an additional 52,846 inmates sentenced to more than year, an increase of 63%. --------------------------------------------- Louisiana had the highest incarceration rate; Maine, the lowest At yearend 2001 the 10 jurisdictions with the largest prison populations had under their jurisdiction 840,864 inmates, 60% of the Nation's total prison population. Texas (162,070), California (159,444), and the Federal system (156,933) held a third of the population. The 10 States with the smallest prison populations collectively held 1.8% of the Nation=s total prison population. Louisiana had the highest prison incar- ceration rate (800 sentenced inmates per 100,000 residents), followed by Mississippi (715), Texas (711), and Oklahoma (658). Six States had prison incarceration rates below 200, led by Maine (127), Minnesota (132), and North Dakota (161). Since 1995 two States had average annual prison population increases of at least 10% -- North Dakota (11%) and Idaho (10.3%). Massachusetts (-1.8%), Alaska (-1%), and New York (-0.2%) had decreases. Male and female incarceration rates stable from yearend 2000 to 2001 During 2001 the number of women under the jurisdiction of State or Federal prison authorities decreased by 0.2%, while the number of men incarcerated in a State or Federal prison rose 1.2%. At yearend 2001 there were 93,031 women and 1,313,000 men in State or Federal prisons. Since 1995 the annual rate of growth of the female inmate population has averaged 5.2%, higher than the 3.7% average increase in the number of male inmates. While the total number of male prisoners has grown 24% since 1995, the number of female prisoners has increased 36%. By yearend 2001 women accounted for 6.6% of all prisoners, up from 6.1% in 1995. Relative to their number in the U.S. resident population, men were about 15 times more likely than women to be incarcerated in a State or Federal prison. At yearend 2001 there were 58 sentenced female inmates per 100,000 women in the United States, compared to 896 sentenced male inmates per 100,000 men. -------------------------------------------- Over a third of all female prisoners were held in the 3 largest jurisdictions Texas (12,369), the Federal system (10,973), and California (9,921) held more than a third of all female inmates. Oklahoma (with 130 sentenced female inmates per 100,000 female State residents), Mississippi (113), Louisiana (99), and Texas (96) had the highest female incarceration rates. Those with the lowest female incarceration rate were concentrated in the Northeast: Maine (with 8 sentenced female prisoners per 100,000 female residents), Rhode Island (10), and Massachusetts (13). Since 1995 the female prisoner population has grown at an annual average rate of at least 10% in 13 States. North Dakota reported the highest average annual increase in female prisoners (23%), followed by Montana (22%), West Virginia and Idaho (both up 18%), and Wisconsin (17%). New York (-2.4%) was the only State to report a decrease in female prisoners since 1995. Privately operated prisons held nearly 92,000 State and Federal inmates in 2001 At yearend 2001, 32 States, the District of Columbia, and the Federal system reported a total of 91,828 prisoners held in privately operated facilities. These private facilities held 5.8% of all State prisoners and 12.3% of Federal prisoners. Among States, Texas (with 16,331 State inmates housed in private facilities) and Oklahoma (with 6,658) reported the largest number in 2000. Five States -- New Mexico (44%), Montana (33%), Alaska (32%), Oklahoma (29%), and Wyoming (28%) -- had at least 25% of their prison population housed in private facilities. Except for Wisconsin (with 16% of its State inmates in private facilities), North Dakota, Ohio, and Indiana (with 4%), and New Jersey (with 9%), the use of private facilities was concentrated among Southern and Western States. Overall, 8.1% of State inmates in the South and 6.2% in the West were in privately operated facilities at the end of 2001. ----------------------------------------------- Local jails held more than 70,000 State prisoners At the end of 2001, 33 States, the District of Columbia, and the Federal system reported a total of 70,681 State and Federal prisoners held in local jails or other facilities operated by county or local authorities. These inmates held in local jails represented 5% of all prisoners in 2001. Approximately 11% of inmates in local jails were being held for State or Federal prison authorities. Louisiana had the largest percentage of its State inmate population housed in local jails (45%). Two other States -- Kentucky (31%) and Tennessee (26%) --had at least 25% of their population housed in local jail facilities. In addition to housing inmates in privately operated facilities and local jails (within their own State and elsewhere), 38 States and the District of Columbia reported placing inmates in Federal facilities and in other State-operated facilities. On December 31, 2001, 6,111 prisoners nationwide were held under such arrangements -- representing less than 1% of all State prisoners. California placed the most inmates (628), followed by Connecticut (497), Alabama (491), and Vermont (391). Vermont (23%) had more than 10% of its prison population housed in facilities of other States or the Federal system. Prison capacity measures vary Prison capacity and the extent of crowding are difficult to determine because of the absence of uniform measures for defining capacity. Jurisdictions apply a variety of capacity measures to reflect both the available space to house inmates and the ability to staff and operate an institution. To estimate the capacity of their prisons, jurisdictions were asked to supply three measures for yearend 2001: rated, operational, and design capacities. These measures were defined as follows: Rated capacity is the number of beds or inmates assigned by a rating official to institutions within the jurisdiction. Operational capacity is the number of inmates that can be accommodated, based on a facility's staff, existing programs, and services. Design capacity is the number of inmates that planners or architects intended for the facility. Of the 51 reporting jurisdictions, 28 supplied a rated capacity; 42, an operational capacity; and 33, a design capacity. Nineteen jurisdictions provided only 1 measure or the same figure for each measure they reported. For the 28 jurisdictions with more than 1 reported type of capacity, estimates of population as a percent of capacity are based on the highest and lowest figures provided. 22 States and Federal system operating at or above highest capacity Prisons generally require reserve capacity to operate efficiently. Dormitories and cells need to be maintained and repaired periodically, special housing is needed for protective custody and disciplinary cases, and space may be needed to cope with emergencies. At yearend 2001, 26 States reported that they were operating at or below 99% of their highest capacity. Twenty-two States and the Federal prison system reported operating at 100% or more of their highest capacity. Rhode Island, which was operating at 86% of its highest capacity, reported the lowest percent of capacity occupied. California and Montana operating at 91% over their lowest reported capacity, had the highest percent of capacity occupied. By yearend 2001 the Federal prison system was operating at 31% over capacity, the same as the number reported in 2000. Overall, State prisons in 2001 were operating at between 1% over their highest capacity and 16% above their lowest capacity. At yearend 2001, 19,137 detainees were held by the Immigration and Naturalization Service The U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) reported 19,137 detainees on December 31, 2001, down from 19,528 at yearend 2000. Though many of these detainees (10,376) were held in Federal and State prisons and local jails, 4,550 were in INS- operated facilities and 1,947 in private facilities under exclusive contract to the INS. Following the events of September 11, 2001, the number of persons held under INS jurisdiction rose, peaking at 21,226 on September 25. Since that time, despite weekly fluctuations, the population has dropped steadily, reaching a low of 18,268 on December 22. Among the 19,137 INS detainees for immigration violations at yearend 2001, 10,784 had been convicted of criminal offenses, and 1,589 had pending criminal cases. Detainees convicted of violent offenses constituted the largest group under INS jurisdiction (32.5%), followed by those convicted of drug offenses (32.3%), property offenses (14.5%), and public order offenses (11.0%). At yearend 2001 U.S. military authorities held 2,436 prisoners in 59 facilities About 82% of prisoners held by the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps were convicted inmates; 18% were unconvicted persons whose cases had not been tried. Fifty-five percent of the prisoners (1,332) had sentences of 1 year or more. At yearend 2001 the Army's Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and five other local or regional Army facilities held the largest share (40%) of all inmates under military jurisdiction. The 11 Navy facilities held nearly 37% of all inmates; the 6 Marine Corps facilities held 18% of all inmates; and the 36 Air Force facilities held 5% of all inmates. The operational capacity of the 59 military confinement facilities totaled 4,478 (not shown in a table). At yearend 2001 these facilities were operating at 54% of their operational capacity. U.S. Territories held 15,852 inmates in 2001 The U.S. Territories and Commonwealths -- American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands -- reported 15,852 inmates under the jurisdiction of their prison systems at yearend 2001, a decrease of 1.7% since 2000. Prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year totaled 11,910 (or three-quarters of the total territorial prison population). Since 1995 the number of sentenced prisoners held in U.S. Territories has grown 28%, compared to the 21% increase in the number of sentenced State prisoners. Relative to the resident populations in the Territories, the rate of incarceration was 271 prisoners per 100,000 residents -- less than two-thirds of the combined rate of the 50 States and the District of Columbia. Of the 5 Territories, the U.S. Virgin Islands had the highest prison incarceration rate (339 inmates per 100,000 residents), followed by Puerto Rico (with 278). Puerto Rico, the largest of the Territories, had the most sentenced prisoners (10,997 at yearend 2001), down from 11,075 in 2000. In 2001, 21 States had fewer sentenced inmates than Puerto Rico; 12 States had lower incarceration rates. More black males than white males among State and Federal inmates at yearend 2001 At yearend 2001 black non-Hispanic inmates represented an estimated 46% of all inmates with sentences of more than 1 year, while white non-Hispanic inmates accounted for 36% and Hispanic inmates, 16%. Although the total number of sentenced inmates rose sharply (up 82% between 1990 and 2001), there were only small changes in the racial and Hispanic composition of the inmate population. At yearend 2001, black males (585,800) outnumbered white males (449,200) and Hispanic males (199,700) among inmates with sentences of more than 1 year. More than 43% of all sentenced inmates were black males. An estimated 10% of black males, age 25-29, in prison in 2001 When incarceration rates are estimated separately by age group, black males in their twenties and thirties are found to have high rates relative to other groups. Expressed in terms of percentages, 10.0% of black non-Hispanic males age 25 to 29 were in prison on December 31, 2001, compared to 2.9% of Hispanic males and about 1.2% of white males in the same age group. Although incarceration rates drop with age, the percentage of black males age 45 to 54 in prison in 2001 was still nearly 2.7% -- only slightly lower than the highest rate (2.9%) among Hispanic males (age 25 to 29) and more than twice the highest rate (1.3%) among white males (age 30 to 34). Female incarceration rates, though substantially lower than male incarceration rates at every age, reveal similar racial and ethnic disparities. Black non-Hispanic females (with an incarceration rate of 199 per 100,000) were more than 3 times as likely as Hispanic females (61 per 100,000) and 5 times more likely than white non- Hispanic females (36 per 100,000) to be in prison on December 31, 2001. These differences among white, black, and Hispanic females were consistent across all age groups. Growth linked to increasing number of inmates in State prison for violent and drug offenses Between 1990 and 2000 the distribution of the four major offense categories -- violent, property, drug, and public-order offenses -- changed slightly among State prisoners. The percent held for property and drug offenses dropped while the percent held for violent and public-order offenses rose. In absolute numbers, an estimated 589,100 inmates in State prison at yearend 2000 were held for violent offenses, 158,700 for robbery, 156,300 for murder, 116,800 for assault, and 113,900 for rape and other sexual assaults. In addition, 238,500 inmates were held for property offenses, 251,100 for drug offenses, and 124,600 for public-order offenses. Overall, the largest growth in State inmates between 1990 and 2000 was among violent offenders. During the decade the number of violent offenders grew 273,200, while the number of drug offenders grew 101,400. As a percentage of the total growth, violent offenders accounted for 53% of the growth; drug offenders 20%; property offenders 12%; and public-order offenders 15%. Sources of growth differ among men and women and among white, black, and Hispanic inmates The increasing number of violent offenders accounted for 55% of the total growth among male inmates and 33% among female inmates. Drug offenders accounted for a larger portion of the total growth among female inmates (33%), compared to 19% among male inmates. The increasing number of property offenders accounted for a slightly higher percent of the growth among female inmates (19%)than male inmates (12%). Although the number of public-order offenders rose sharply, they accounted for only 15% of the total growth among male inmates and 16% of the growth among female inmates. The sources of population growth also differed among white, black, and Hispanic prisoners. Overall, the increasing number of drug offenses accounted for 27% of the total growth among black inmates, 7% of the total growth among Hispanic inmates, and 15% of the growth among white inmates. Violent offenders accounted for the largest source of growth for all groups -- among white State inmates (49%), black inmates (52%), and Hispanic inmates (69%). Changing Federal prison population related to drugs, weapons, and immigration violations Prisoners sentenced for drug offenses constitute the largest group of Federal inmates (57%) in 2000, up from 53% in 1990. On September 30, 2000, the date of the latest available data in the Federal Justice Statistics Program, Federal prisons held 73,389 sentenced drug offenders, compared to 30,470 at yearend 1990. Between 1990 and 2000, the number of Federal inmates held for immigration offenses increased 691%, and the number held for weapons offenses increased 247%. The number of immigration offenders rose from 1,728 in 1990 to 13,676 in 2000; weapons offenders rose from 3,073 to 10,652. By September 30, 2000, weapons offenders represented 8.2% of Federal inmates and immigration violators 10.6%. Although the number of robbers showed an increase of 83% between 1990 and 2000, the increase was offset by a decline of nearly 9% among offenders held for homicide and 24% among other violent offenders (such as inmates held for assault and sex offenses). Overall, the percentage of violent Federal inmates declined from 17% to 10%. While the number of offenders in each major offense category increased, the number incarcerated for a drug offense accounted for the largest percentage of the total growth (59%), followed by public-order offenders (32%). Methodology National Prisoner Statistics The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), with the U.S. Census Bureau as its collection agent, obtains yearend and midyear counts of prisoners from departments of correction in each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. In an effort to collect comparable data from all jurisdictions, National Prisoner Statistics (NPS) distinguishes prisoners in custody from those under jurisdiction. To have custody of a prisoner, a State must hold that person in one of its facilities. To have jurisdiction means that a State has legal authority over the prisoner. Prisoners under a State's jurisdiction may be in the custody of a local jail, another State's prison, or other correctional facility. Some States are unable to provide both custody and jurisdiction counts. (See NPS jurisdiction notes.) Excluded from NPS counts are persons confined in locally administered confinement facilities who are under the jurisdiction of local authorities. NPS counts include all inmates in State-operated facilities in Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode Island, and Vermont, which have combined jail-prison systems. Military Corrections Statistics BJS obtains yearend counts of prisoners in the custody of U.S. military authorities from the Department of Defense Corrections Council. In 1994 the council, comprised of representatives from each branch of military service, adopted a standardized report (DD Form 2720) with a common set of items and definitions. This report provides information on persons held in U.S. military confinement facilities inside and outside the continental United States, by branch of service, sex, race, Hispanic origin, conviction status, sentence length, and offense. It also includes data on the number of facilities, and their design and rated capacities. NPS jurisdiction notes Alaska -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Counts exclude individuals in electronic and special monitoring programs. Arizona -- Population counts are based on custody data. Counts exclude 332 sentenced males and 27 sentenced females housed in local jails who were awaiting transfer to the DOC. The definition of operational capacity has changed to include temporary beds and double bunks used in situations of crowding. Arkansas -- During the year, the DOC took control of two facilities previously managed by a private company. California -- Population counts include felons and civil addicts who are temporarily absent, such as in court, jail or hospital. Colorado -- Population counts include 266 male and 7 female inmates in the Youthful Offender System and 113 male and 16 female inmates housed in local jails awaiting transfer to the Department of Corrections. Capacity figures exclude 4 privately run facilities under contract with the Department of Corrections. Connecticut -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Counts exclude inmates in halfway houses. Legislation in 1995 abolished the capacity law so that prisons no longer have a rated or operational capacity. Design capacity is recorded separately in each facility. Delaware -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Capacity counts include Department of Correction halfway houses. District of Columbia -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Counts exclude inmates held in the Federal system as a result of the transfer of responsibility for sentenced felons under the 1997 Revitalization Act. Federal -- Custody counts include inmates housed in privately operated secure facilities under contract with BOP or with State or local government that has an intergovernmental agreement. Custody counts exclude offenders housed under home confinement. Rated capacity excludes contract beds. Florida -- Population counts are based on custody data, including inmates in privately operated facilities. Georgia -- Population counts are based on custody data, including inmates in privately operated facilities. Facilities in Georgia are not given rated or design capacities. Hawaii -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Idaho -- Rated capacity is defined as 100% of the maximum capacity; operational capacity as 95% of the maximum (except in one facility which is 100%). Illinois -- Population counts are based on jurisdiction data. Counts of inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year. Iowa -- Population counts are based on custody data. Counts of inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year or less. Kansas -- Population counts of inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year or less. Louisiana -- Counts are as of December 26, 2001. Operational capacity is based on day-to-day operations. Rated and operational capacities include contractual work release facilities. Population counts include 14,826 males and 1,224 females housed in local jails as a result of a partnership with the Louisiana Sheriffs' Association and local authorities. Maryland -- Design capacity is no longer reported because of renovations and other changes. Operational capacity was estimated by applying a percentage to the population count on December 31, 2001. Massachusetts -- By law, offenders may be sentenced to terms of up to 21/2 years in locally operated jails. Such offenders are included in counts and rates for local jails. About 6,200 inmates with sentences of more than 1 year were held in local jails in 2000. Counts include 420 inmates housed in local jails and 86 inmates held in another State due to crowding in State prison facilities. Michigan -- Jurisdiction counts exclude 237 inmates held in local jails. Operational capacity includes institution and camp net capacities and populations in community programs. Mississippi -- Operation and design capacities include private prison capacities and exclude local county jails and county regional facilities. Missouri -- Design capacities are not available for older prisons. Operational capacity is defined as the number of available beds including those temporarily off-line. Montana -- Counts include 251 inmates under intensive supervision in the community and 26 inmates housed in local jails awaiting transfer to a State facility. Capacity figures exclude 3 county operated regional prisons (an estimated 610 beds) and a State operated boot camp (60 beds). Nebraska -- Operational capacity is defined as stress capacity (or 125% of design capacity), which is ordered by the governor and set by the Department of Corrections. Nevada -- Rated capacity is defined as emergency capacity. Design capacity is defined as one bed per cell. Capacity figures include 500 beds in a private facility. New Jersey -- Population counts of inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year. Rated and operational capacity figures are not maintained. New Mexico -- Operational capacity includes the maximum number of contracted beds in private facilities. North Carolina -- Capacity figures refer to standard operating capacity as of June 28, 2002, based on single occupancy per cell and 50 square feet per inmate in multiple occupancy units. North Dakota -- Capacity figures include a new facility opened in 1998 and double bunking in the State Penitentiary. Ohio -- Population counts of inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year or less. Oklahoma -- Population counts of inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year. Capacity figures include private prisons and contract jails. Oregon -- Under a new law, inmates with under a 1 year maximum sentence remain under the control of local counties. Rated and design capacities are not recognized. Pennsylvania -- Custody counts include inmates in contracted group homes. In April 2001 the definition of rated capacity was changed, based on the “Multiple Occupancy Strategy” which allows for housing more than 1 inmate per cell/dormitory in 80% of the housing units and 1 inmate per cell in 20% of units. Rhode Island -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. South Carolina -- Population counts include unsentenced inmates on Youthful Offender Act observation status, of which there were none on December 31, 2001. South Dakota -- Operational capacity is planned capacity. Rated and design capacities are not recognized. Tennessee -- Population counts of inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year. Texas -- Jurisdiction counts include inmates serving time in a pre-parole transfer (PPT) or intermediary sanctions facility (ISF), substance abuse felony punishment facility (SAFPF), temporary releases to counties, and paper ready inmates in local jails. Capacity figures include public, privately operated and county contracted facilities that are state funded. Non-contracted county jail beds are excluded. Utah -- Custody counts exclude inmates held in county jails. Vermont -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Population counts are jurisdiction counts that include inmates housed in other States but exclude inmates on furlough or intermediate sanctions. Virginia -- Population counts are for December 29, 2001. Rated capacity is the DOC count of beds, which takes into account the number of inmates that can be accommodated based on staff, programming, services and design. Washington -- A recently revised law allows increasing numbers of inmates with sentences of less than 1 year to be housed in prison. Wisconsin -- Jurisdiction counts include 388 temporary probation or parole placements, 68 persons on escape status, and 14 persons in home residence under the Intensive Sanctions Program. Operational capacity excludes contracted local jails, Federal, other State, and private facilities. ---------------------------------------------- The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the statistical agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. Lawrence A. Greenfeld is the acting director. BJS Bulletins present the first release of findings from permanent data collection programs such as the National Prisoner Statistics. Paige M. Harrison and Allen J. Beck wrote this report. Jennifer C. Karberg provided statistical assistance and verification. Tom Hester edited the report. Jayne Robinson administered final production. Data collection and processing for the NPS program were carried out by Nicole D. Simpson under the supervision of Marilyn M. Monahan, Demographic Surveys Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Christopher J. Mumola collected and processed data on prisoners in the U.S. Territories, in U.S. military facilities, and in facilities operated by or for the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. July 2002, NCJ 195189 ----------------------------------------------- End of file 07/24/02 ih