U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics, 2000: Data for Individual State And Local Agencies with 100 or More Officers April 2004, NCJ 203350 --------------------------------------------------------------- This file is text only without graphics and many of the tables. A Zip archive of the tables in this report in spreadsheet format (.wk1) and the full report including tables and graphics in .pdf format are available from: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/lemas00.htm This report is one in a series. More recent editions may be available. To view a list of all in the series go to http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pubalp2.htm#lemas --------------------------------------------------------------- Lawrence A. Greenfeld Director Brian Reaves, Ph.D. and Matthew Hickman, BJS statisticians, prepared this report. Thomas Hester edited it. The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), U.S. Department of Justice, provided partial funding for the 2000 LEMAS survey. Debra Cohen, Ph.D. and Matthew Scheider, Ph.D. of COPS, assisted with questionnaire development. More information on COPS can be obtained at their web site . The data were collected and processed by the U.S. Census Bureau, with assistance from BJS. Census Bureau staff, under the supervision of Latrice Brogsdale-Davis and Charlene Sebold included Theresa Reitz, Martha Greene, Patricia Torreyson, Bill Bryner, and Paula Kinard. Contents Tables with data for individual agencies Highlights Foreword Introduction Table A. Number of agencies, by State and type Table B. Agencies with 1,000 or more full-time sworn personnel including 500 or more officers responding to calls for service Table C. Summary data, by type of agency Data for individual agencies I Personnel II Expenditures and pay III Operations IV Community policing V Policies and programs VI Equipment VII Computers and information systems VIII State agencies Appendix Questionnaire Tables with data for individual agencies SECTION I. PERSONNEL Number of full-time employees, sworn personnel, officers responding to calls, and percent change since 1996 in number of full-time employees, 2000 1a. Local agencies 1b. State agencies Number of full-time and part-time sworn employees, percent of authorized full-time sworn personnel employed, and primary job function of full-time sworn personnel, 2000 2a. Local agencies 2b. State agencies Gender, race, and ethnicity of full-time sworn personnel, 2000 3a. Local agencies 3b. State agencies Training requirements for new officer recruits and in- service officers, minimum education requirement for new officer recruits, and education-related incentives for officers, 2000 4a. Local agencies 4b. State agencies SECTION II. EXPENDITURES AND PAY Operating budgets and asset forfeiture receipts, 2000 5a. Local agencies 5b. State agencies Starting salaries, collective bargaining, and special pay, 2000 6a. Local agencies 6b. State agencies SECTION III. OPERATIONS Number of district/precinct stations, types of routine patrol used, and types of emergency 9-1-1 and dispatch systems used, 2000 7a. Local agencies 7b. State agencies Training academy operation, special operations functions, and drug enforcement activities, 2000 8a. Local agencies 8b. State agencies Court-related functions and detention facilities, 2000 9a. Local agencies 9b. State agencies SECTION IV. COMMUNITY POLICING Community policing plans, training, personnel, and facilities, 2000 10a. Local agencies 10b. State agencies Community policing activities and policies, 2000 11a. Local agencies 11b. State agencies SECTION V. POLICIES AND PROGRAMS Special units, specially designated personnel, or special policies and procedures to address youth and family problems, 2000 12a. Local agencies 12b. State agencies Additional tasks or problems addressed by special units, specially designated personnel, or special policies and procedures, 2000 13a. Local agencies 13b. State agencies SECTION VI. EQUIPMENT Number of vehicles operated, marked vehicle use policies, and number of animals maintained, 2000 14a. Local agencies 14b. State agencies Type and caliber of sidearms authorized, body armor requirements for patrol officers, and supply or cash allowance for equipment, 2000 15a. Local agencies 15b. State agencies Types of nonlethal weapons authorized for use by officers, 2000 16a. Local agencies 16b. State agencies Use of video cameras, night vision/electro-optic equipment, and vehicle stopping/tracking devices, 2000 17a. Local agencies 17b. State agencies SECTION VII. COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS Use of in-field computers, automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS), and digital imaging, 2000 18a. Local agencies 18b. State agencies Functions of computers, 2000 19a. Local agencies 19b. State agencies Computerized information files, 2000 20a. Local agencies 20b. State agencies Highlights Based on the 2000 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey, this volume describes more than 800 State and local law enforcement agencies with 100 or more full-time sworn personnel. Topics covered include personnel, expenditures and pay, operations, community policing, policies and programs, equipment, and computerization. Included among these larger law enforcement agencies are 501 municipal police departments, 222 sheriffs' offices, 32 county police departments, and the 49 primary State law enforcement agencies. Collectively, these agencies employed approximately 402,000 full-time sworn personnel, including 241,000 uniformed officers assigned to respond to calls for service. Personnel On average, larger municipal police departments employed 22 full-time sworn personnel per 10,000 residents. County police departments and sheriffs' offices employed an average of 11 and 10 officers per 10,000 residents, respectively. State law enforcement agencies employed an average of 2 officers per 10,000 residents. From 1996 to 2000 the median percentage increase in number of full-time sworn personnel was higher in county police departments (11%) and sheriffs' offices (10%) than in municipal police (5%) or State agencies (5%). Sheriffs' offices had an 18% median increase in civilian personnel, compared to 7% for municipal and county police, and 10% for State law enforcement agencies. Seventy-two percent of the sworn personnel in State law enforcement agencies were uniformed officers assigned to respond to calls for service, compared to 61% in county and municipal police departments, and 47% in sheriffs' offices. The latter had more officers handling duties related to jail operations (19%), court security (8%), and process serving (4%) duties. Fourteen percent of the officers in larger municipal police departments and sheriffs' offices were women, as were 12% of county police officers. Women accounted for 6% of the officers in State agencies. From 1990 to 2000, the average percentage of female officers increased for each type of agency except sheriffs' offices. In 2000, 32% of the officers in larger municipal police departments were members of a racial or ethnic minority, compared to 23% in county police departments, 22% in sheriffs' offices, and 16% in State agencies. For each agency type, the average minority percentage was higher in 2000 than 1990. Nearly all larger law enforcement agencies used background investigations, criminal record checks, driving record checks, medical exams, and personal interviews to screen officer recruits. State agencies (94%) and county police departments (90%) were more likely to use credit history checks than municipal police (79%) or sheriffs' offices (73%). County police (97%) were the most likely to use drug tests and State agencies (76%) the least likely. State agencies were the most likely to use written aptitude (92%) and physical agility (90%) tests and sheriffs' offices (65% and 59%) the least likely. About 1 in 3 State agencies had a college requirement for new officers, with 12% requiring a 2-year degree and 2%, a 4-year degree. About 1 in 4 municipal and county police departments had a college requirement, with about 1 in 10 requiring a degree. In 6% of county police departments and 2% of municipal police departments, a 4-year degree was required. About 1 in 7 sheriffs' offices had a college requirement, including 6% that required a 2-year degree. Overall, larger law enforcement agencies were about twice as likely to have a college requirement in 2000 as in 1990. The median number of academy training hours required for new officers was higher in State law enforcement agencies (960) and county police departments (896), than in municipal police departments (720) or sheriffs' offices (640). The median number of field training hours required was slightly higher in municipal police departments (520) than for other agency types (480). Budget and pay Sheriff's offices and State agencies had annual operating budgets of about $108,000 per officer, compared to $90,237 for county police and $83,638 for municipal police. From 1990 to 2000, inflation-adjusted operating costs per officer rose 38% for State agencies, 30% for sheriffs' offices, 27% for county police, and 21% for municipal police. In 2000 median annual per resident operating costs were $173 for municipal police, $112 for county police, $85 for sheriffs' offices, and $25 for State agencies. Compared to 1990, inflation- adjusted operating costs per resident were up 25% for municipal police, 120% for county police, 30% for sheriffs' offices, and 25% for State agencies. In 2000 average starting salaries for entry-level officers ranged from $33,233 in municipal police departments to $29,280 in sheriffs' offices. Compared to 1990, inflation- adjusted starting salaries were up 5% in State agencies, municipal police departments, and sheriffs' offices, but unchanged in county police departments. In 2000 nearly three-fourths of municipal police departments (72%) authorized collective bargaining for officers compared to about half of county police departments (52%) and State agencies (51%). Sheriffs' offices (42%) were less likely to allow collective bargaining for officers. About two-thirds of municipal police departments (68%) and about half of sheriffs' offices (51%) offered education incentive pay to officers. State agencies (27%) and county police departments (20%) were less likely to offer it. A majority of each type of agency had a tuition reimbursement program for officers: municipal police (73%), county police (70%), State agencies (65%), and sheriffs' offices (59%). Operations In 2000, 35% of larger sheriffs' offices were using foot patrol on a routine basis compared to 5% in 1993, and 57% were using bicycle patrols, up from 9% in 1993. Similar increases were observed for county police (31% to 58% for foot patrol, 38% to 84% for bicycle patrol), and municipal police (47% to 74% for foot patrol, 40% to 92% for bicycle patrol). Among State law enforcement agencies, 29% were using bike patrol and 18% were using foot patrol in 2000, compared to 0% for both in 1993. In 2000 nearly all larger local law enforcement agencies (93%) participated in an enhanced 9-1-1 emergency telephone system where the location of callers could be identified automatically. In 1990, 57% of these agencies were part of such a system. Among State agencies, about half participated in an enhanced 9-1-1 system in 2000 compared to about a third in 1990. Ninety-one percent of sheriffs' offices performed search and rescue operations during 2000, as did 77% of county police departments and 71% of State agencies. Municipal police (43%) were less likely to handle this function. County police (97%) were the most likely to perform special weapons and tactics (SWAT)operations; however most municipal police departments (89%), sheriffs' offices (88%), and state agencies (84%) did so as well. State law enforcement agencies (91%) and county police departments (82%) were more likely to operate a training academy than sheriffs' offices (52%) or municipal police departments (41%). A majority of county police (89%), municipal police (79%), and sheriffs' offices (69%) had a full-time drug enforcement unit. Thirty-seven percent of State agencies had one. About 4 in 5 local agencies had officers assigned full-time to a multi-agency drug task force, compared to about 1 in 5 State agencies. Nearly all larger sheriffs' offices handled court-related functions such as court security (98%)and process serving (98%). Less than a third of other agency types performed these functions. Ninety-one percent of sheriffs' offices operated a jail, compared to 34% of municipal police departments and 13% of county police departments. No State agencies were responsible for this function. Community policing In 2000 a majority of larger county (69%) and municipal (59%) police departments had a written community policing plan. Less than half of sheriffs' offices (43%) and State agencies (35%)had one. For each agency type, the percentage with a written plan was about the same as in 1997. About two-thirds of larger municipal (68%) and county (66%) police departments had a full-time community policing unit. A majority of sheriffs' offices (57%) also had such a unit, but just a fourth of State agencies did. These percentages were also similar to 1997. In 2000 nearly all municipal (95%) and county (94%) police departments had sworn personnel designated as full-time community policing officers compared to about 4 in 5 agencies in 1997. Eighty-eight percent of sheriffs' offices had community policing officers in 2000 compared to 66% in 1997. About twice as many State agencies had full-time community policing officers in 2000 (53%) as in 1997 (27%). More than three-fourths of municipal (79%) and county (76%) police departments trained all new officer recruits in community policing methods during 2000, about the same proportion as in 1997. From 1997 to 2000, the percentage of sheriffs' offices providing such training increased from 49% to 61%, and State law enforcement agencies, from 41% to 47%. From 1997 to 2000 the percentage of larger local law enforcement agencies that encouraged patrol officers to engage in problem-solving projects increased slightly, from 55% to 58%. Among State agencies the increase was from 22% to 31%. In both survey years, about 1 in 3 local agencies and 1 in 5 State agencies included problem-solving projects in the criteria used for evaluating the performance of patrol officers. In the 12-month period ending June 30, 2000, 72% of municipal police departments conducted a citizen police academy, as did 52% of county police departments, 47% of sheriffs' offices, and 18% of State agencies. Nearly 2 in 3 local agencies upgraded technology to support their community policing efforts during this period, including 71% of municipal police departments. About 2 in 5 State agencies upgraded technology for this purpose. During the year ending June 30, 2000, most larger local law enforcement agencies met regularly with neighborhood associations (89%), school groups (79%), business groups (69%), domestic violence groups (64%), other local public agencies (62%), senior citizen groups (59%), advocacy groups (54%), and youth service organizations (54%). A majority of State agencies met regularly with school groups (65%) and local public agencies (57%). About half of larger local agencies surveyed citizens on their satisfaction with services, and two-fifths conducted a survey of citizen perceptions of crime-related problems. About a fourth conducted surveys of personal crime experiences or crime reporting. About a third of State agencies surveyed citizens about their satisfaction with agency services. Less than a fifth conducted surveys on the other topics. Evaluating program effectiveness was the most common use of survey data for both local (44%) and State (31%) agencies. Thirty-seven percent of local agencies used survey data as a source of information for patrol officers. Policies and programs Larger local law enforcement agencies operated a variety of full-time special units to address youth and family problems. For example about 3 in 4 county police departments (79%), sheriffs' offices (76%), and municipal police departments (71%) had a special unit for drug education in schools. A majority of county police departments had full-time units for child abuse (62%), juvenile crime (62%), and gangs (55%). About half had units for youth outreach (50%), domestic violence (48%), and missing children (48%). Nearly half of municipal police departments had full-time units for domestic violence (48%), gangs (48%), and child abuse (46%). More than two-fifths of sheriffs' offices had units for child abuse (48%), juvenile crime (46%), domestic violence (42%), and gangs (41%). Among State agencies, the most common types of units were those for drug education in schools (39%) and missing children (31%). A majority of larger local agencies also had units for internal affairs (79%), community crime prevention (70%), crime analysis (61%), and research and planning (54%). Most State agencies had internal affairs (84%), and research and planning (76%)units. About half had crime analysis units (47%). Nearly all larger law enforcement agencies had written policies pertaining to deadly force, conduct and appearance, nonlethal force, and off-duty employment. About 7 in 10 had a policy on the maximum number of work hours allowed for officers. Local agencies were about 4 times as likely to have a restrictive type (73%) of pursuit driving policy (one based on specific criteria such as offense type or maximum speed) as a judgmental type (19%)(one that leaves pursuits up to the officer's discretion). State agencies were nearly as likely to have a judgmental pursuit policy (45%) as a restrictive one (51%). Equipment As of June 2000, State law enforcement agencies operated 103 cars per 100 officers, compared to 98 cars per 100 officers in 1990. Local agencies also increased their car-to-officer ratio during this period: County police went from 71 to 79 cars per 100 officers, municipal police from 47 to 59, and sheriffs' offices from 55 to 68. In 2000, 98% of larger local law enforcement agencies and all 49 primary State law enforcement agencies authorized semiautomatic sidearms for officers. In 1990, 85% of local agencies and 80% of State agencies authorized semiautomatics. From 1990 to 2000 the percentage of larger local law enforcement agencies requiring all regular field/patrol officers to wear body armor increased from 21% to 50%. The percentage of State law enforcement agencies requiring that armor be worn increased from 12% in 1990 to 37% in 2000. Nearly all larger local law enforcement agencies authorized the use of batons (97%) and pepper spray (91%)in 2000. In 1990, 77% of local agencies authorized the use of impact devices and 71% the use of chemical agents. Among State agencies, nearly all authorized batons (98%) and pepper spray (96%) in 2000. In 1990, 65% allowed impact devices and 61%, chemical agents. Nearly all (94%) State agencies used video cameras in at least some patrol cars in 2000. Among local agencies more than half of sheriffs' offices (54%) and about two-fifths of county (42%) and municipal (39%) police departments used in-car video cameras. A majority of State law enforcement agencies (58%)and county police departments (55%) used infrared (thermal) imaging equipment in 2000. Forty-seven percent of sheriffs' offices and 38% of municipal police departments used this type of equipment. Nearly all (94%) State law enforcement agencies used tire deflation spikes in 2000, as did about two-thirds of sheriffs' offices (66%). About half of county (52%) and municipal (47%) police departments used such devices. Computers and information systems In about four-fifths of larger State and local law enforcement agencies, patrol officers were using in-field computers or terminals during 2000. From 1990 to 2000, the percentage of State agencies using car-mounted computers or terminals rose from 14% to 59%, and among local agencies, from 19% to 68%. Officers had direct access via in-field computer to vehicle and driving records in more than three-fifths of local agencies in 2000, compared to about half in 1997. Access to this information was available in 53% of State agencies in 2000, compared to 37% in 1997. About 3 in 8 State and local agencies provided at least some officers with in-field access to criminal history information during 2000, compared to about 3 in 10 agencies in 1997. In 2000, 45% of local agencies provided officers with in-field access to calls for service information compared to 27% in 1997. In State agencies, the percentage rose only slightly - from 12% to 14%. In 2000, 78% of State and local agencies used paper forms to submit criminal incident reports to the agency's central information system, compared to 86% of local agencies and 90% of State agencies in 1997. The decline in the use of paper reports was accompanied by increases in the use of computer media, data downloads, telephone lines, and wireless transmissions. From 1990 to 2000 the percentage of larger local law enforcement agencies with exclusive or shared ownership of an Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) increased from 29% to 42%. For State agencies the increase was from 27% to 61%. Seventy-four percent of local agencies were using digital imaging for mug shots in 2000 compared to 51% in 1997. Similar increases were seen in the use of digital imaging for fingerprints (44% to 65%) and suspect composites (34% to 52%). Among State agencies, 35% were using digital imaging for fingerprints in both 2000 and 1997. During this period, their use of digital imaging for mug shots rose from 14% to 29% of agencies, and for suspect composites, from 14% to 20%. During 2000 most larger law enforcement agencies used computers for Internet access (87%), records management (86%), dispatch (85%), crime analysis (80%), crime investigations (75%), personnel records (71%), crime mapping (63%), automated booking (56%), interagency information sharing (55%), and fleet management (52%). A majority of State agencies used computers for Internet access (96%), personnel records (92%), records management (86%), fleet management (74%), in-field report writing (71%), interagency information sharing (71%), crime analysis (63%), crime investigations (59%), dispatch (59%), and resource allocation (57%). In 2000 about 9 in 10 local agencies had computerized files on arrests (91%), calls for service (90%), and incident reports (88%). More than 7 in 10 had computer files on stolen property (77%), traffic accidents (75%), alarms (74%), traffic citations (71%), and warrants (71%). More than half had computer files on criminal histories (63%) and traffic stops (51%). Among State agencies, about 3 in 4 had computerized files on traffic accidents (76%) and traffic citations (74%). A majority had files on arrests (63%), incident reports (63%), calls for service (59%), fingerprints (55%), and criminal histories (51%). Foreward ---------------------------------------------- The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) began the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) program in 1987 with a nationwide survey of State and local law enforcement agencies. Updated versions of the LEMAS survey were completed in 1990, 1993, 1997 and 1999. The current volume presents 2000 data provided by 755 local and 49 State law enforcement agencies employing 100 or more full-time sworn personnel. Sections on personnel, expenditures and pay, operations, community policing, policies and programs, equipment, and computers and information systems are included. As in 1997 and 1999, the community policing section is based on survey questions developed by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS). An outgrowth of the ongoing partnership between BJS and COPS, the 2000 LEMAS survey is expected to be instrumental in assessing the state of law enforcement in the United States. COPS and BJS jointly funded the administration of the survey. The inclusion of community policing questions in the 1997, 1999 and 2000 LEMAS surveys is but one step in assessing the potential impact community policing programs have had on law enforcement agencies across the country. The data also enable us to observe how law enforcement agencies are changing in other areas such as officer characteristics, training and education requirements, and technological capabilities. We are pleased to present the results of the 2000 LEMAS survey and are confident that the information gleaned from these data will help further our knowledge of law enforcement as it exists today. We believe the results of the survey will provide law enforcement agencies an opportunity to assess their progress relative to that of comparable jurisdictions. In closing, we gratefully acknowledge the participating agencies that have given us a glimpse into their law enforcement practices and hope that this information will be of use not just to them, but to the communities they serve as well. -------------------------------------------------------- Introduction The 2000 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) survey included all State and local agencies employing 100 or more full-time sworn personnel as reported in a BJS census of State and local law enforcement agencies conducted in 1996. The survey also included a nationally representative sample of agencies that employed fewer than 100 officers. These smaller agencies are covered in separate BJS reports. The 2000 LEMAS questionnaire was mailed to the same agencies that received the 1997 version. The initial mailing of the 2000 form was conducted in July 2000. The reference date for all personnel-related questions was the pay period that included June 30, 2000. For other questions it was June 30, 2000, unless otherwise indicated. The data were collected by the U.S. Census Bureau for BJS. A total of 3,065 State and local law enforcement agencies received the 2000 LEMAS questionnaire, and 2,985 (97.8%) responded. Of the 881 agencies with 100 or more officers that received the survey, 866 (98.3%) responded. This was the fifth regular survey in the LEMAS program with previous data collections occurring in 1987, 1990, 1993, and 1997. A special administration that focused on community policing and related topics was conducted in 1999. Overview of this volume This volume presents individual agency data for 804 larger State and local law enforcement agencies. Agencies with special geographic jurisdictions such as university campuses, public school districts, transportation systems, parks and recreation facilities, airports, waterways, public housing, or State government buildings are excluded. Agencies with special enforcement responsibilities such as natural resource and conservation laws, alcohol control laws, or agricultural laws are also excluded. The volume includes the 49 primary State law enforcement agencies operating in each State except Hawaii. (The Hawaii Department of Public Safety primarily performs court-related duties.) General purpose local law enforcement agencies that responded to the LEMAS survey are included as long as they met the following criteria: 1. Employment of 100 or more full-time sworn officers as of June 2000. 2. Employment of 35 or more full-time uniformed sworn officers with regular assigned duties that included responding to calls for service as of June 2000. A total of 755 local law enforcement agencies are included. This includes 32 county police departments, 501 municipal police departments, and 222 sheriffs' offices. Local agencies from every State except North Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming are included. These States had no local agencies that met the above requirements for inclusion. Because they did not complete the 2000 LEMAS survey form, the following agencies do not have data presented in many of the tables: (AZ) Sheriff, Costa Mesa (CA) Police, Clayton County (GA) Police, Cook County (IL) Sheriff, Medford (MA) Police, Revere (MA)Police, St. Charles (MO) Police, Edison (NJ) Police, and Paterson (NJ) Police. Organization of data tables A summary of the number and type of agencies from each State is in table A. Table B lists the local law enforcement agencies employing 1,000 or more full-time sworn personnel that included 500 or more uniformed officers whose regular assigned duties included responding to calls for service. These are the agencies with the largest number of sworn personnel providing direct law enforcement services. Table C presents summary data, by type of agency, for the variables that are included in the individual agency tables that follow. The reader should refer to the notes in the corresponding individual data agency tables when using data from table C. Following the 3 summary data tables are tables containing individual data for State and local law enforcement agencies with 100 or more officers. The 19 tables for local agencies are presented first as tables 1a through 19a. Following the local agency tables are tables 1b through 19b covering the State agencies. Local agencies are listed alphabetically by State and county. Within each county, the county sheriffs' department or county police department is listed first, if applicable. These are followed, in alphabetical order, by the municipal police agencies operating within that county. The reader should refer to the note following each table for the explanation of symbols and codes as well as other important information. A triple dash ("---")is used in all tables to indicate that a particular data item was not provided by an agency. End of file 04/19/04 ih