U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies, 2008 Bulletin Brian A. Reaves, Ph.D., BJS Statistician ---------------------------------------------------------- This file is text only without graphics and many of the tables. A Zip archive of the tables in this report in spreadsheet format (.csv) and the full report including tables and graphics in .pdf format are available on BJS website at: http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=2216. This report is one in a series. More recent editions may be available. To view a list of all in the series go to http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbse&sid=73 ----------------------------------------------------------- In September 2008, state and local law enforcement agencies employed more than 1.1 million persons on a full-time basis, including about 765,000 sworn personnel (defined as those with general arrest powers). Agencies also employed approximately 100,000 part-time employees, including 44,000 sworn officers. These findings come from the 2008 Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies (CSLLEA), the fifth such census to be conducted since the quadrennial series began in 1992. From 2004 to 2008, state and local agencies added a net total of about 33,000 full-time sworn personnel. This was about 9,500 more than agencies added from 2000 to 2004 (figure 1), reversing a trend of declining growth observed in prior 4-year comparisons based on the CSLLEA. Local police departments added the most officers, about 14,000. Sheriffs' offices and special jurisdiction agencies added about 8,000 officers each. From 2004 to 2008, the number of full-time sworn personnel per 100,000 U.S. residents increased from 250 to 251. -------------------------------------------------------- HIGHLIGHTS *State and local law enforcement agencies employed about 1,133,000 persons on a full-time basis in 2008, including 765,000 sworn personnel. *Local police departments were the largest employer of sworn personnel, accounting for 60% of the total. Sheriffs' offices were next, accounting for 24%. *About half (49%) of all agencies employed fewer than 10 full-time officers. Nearly two-thirds (64%) of sworn personnel worked for agencies that employed 100 or more officers. *From 2004 to 2008, overall full-time employment by state and local law enforcement agencies nationwide increased by about 57,000 (or 5.3%). Sworn personnel increased by about 33,000 (4.6%), and nonsworn employees by about 24,000 (6.9%). *From 2004 to 2008, state and local law enforcement agencies added about 9,500 more full-time sworn personnel than during the previous 4-year period. *The number of full-time sworn personnel per 100,000 residents increased from 250 in 2004 to 251 in 2008. *Fifteen of the 50 largest local police departments employed fewer full-time sworn personnel in 2008 than in 2004. The largest declines were in Detroit (36%), Memphis (23%), New Orleans (13%), and San Francisco (10%). *Ten of the 50 largest local police departments reported double-digit increases in sworn personnel from 2004 to 2008. The largest increases were in Phoenix (19%), Prince George's County (Maryland) (17%), Dallas (15%), and Fort Worth (14%). --------------------------------------------------------- State and local law enforcement agencies The 2008 CSLLEA included 17,985 state and local law enforcement agencies employing at least one full-time officer or the equivalent in part-time officers. The total included-- *12,501 local police departments *3,063 sheriffs' offices *50 primary state law enforcement agencies *1,733 special jurisdiction agencies *638 other agencies, primarily county constable offices in Texas. A majority of state and local law enforcement personnel worked for local police departments Local police departments were the largest employer of full-time state and local law enforcement personnel with about 593,000 (or 52%) of the more than 1.1 million employees nationwide (table 1 and appendix table 1). Sheriffs' offices employed about 353,000 (31%). Both the 50 primary state law enforcement agencies and the special jurisdiction agencies (those that served a special geographic jurisdiction or had special enforcement or investigative responsibilities) accounted for 8% . (See table 7 for types of special jurisdiction agencies.) About 461,000 sworn state and local law enforcement employees (60%) were local police officers. Sworn personnel in sheriffs' offices accounted for about 183,000 (24%). The 50 primary state law enforcement agencies employed about 61,000 (8%), and special jurisdiction agencies employed about 57,000 (7%). Sheriffs' offices accounted for 46%of the 369,000 full-time civilian personnel nationwide, and local police departments accounted for 36%. Nearly half (48%) of the full-time employees in sheriffs' offices were civilians, compared to 35% in state law enforcement agencies and 22% in local police departments (not shown in table). The largest 7% of state and local law enforcement agencies employed 64% of all sworn personnel Nearly 1,200 state and local law enforcement agencies (7%) employed 100 or more full-time sworn personnel, with 83 of those agencies employing 1,000 or more officers (table 2 and appendix table 2). The agencies with 1,000 or more officers included 49 local police departments, 20 state law enforcement agencies, 13 sheriffs' offices, and 1 special jurisdiction agency. Agencies with 100 or more officers employed 64% of all full-time sworn personnel, and those with 1,000 or more officers employed 29%. (See appendix table 5 for the 50 largest state and local law enforcement agencies.) About 8,800 state and local law enforcement agencies (49% of the total) employed fewer than 10 full-time sworn personnel, and about 5,400 (30%) employed fewer than 5 officers. Among these smaller agencies, about 2,100 (12%) had just one full-time officer or had part-time officers only. Agencies with fewer than 10 full-time sworn personnel employed less than 5% of all full-time officers, but 50% of all part-time officers. Those employing 1,000 or more full-time sworn personnel accounted for less than 1% of all part-time officers nationwide (not shown in table). From 1992 to 2008, the growth rate for civilian personnel was more than double that of sworn personnel From 2004 to 2008, the total number of full-time state and local law enforcement employees increased by about 57,000 (5.3%). This total included an increase in sworn personnel of about 33,000 (4.6%). Civilian employment in the agencies rose by 24,000 (6.9%). Local police departments accounted for a larger proportion of the growth in sworn officers from 2004 to 2008 than other agency types, and sheriffs' offices accounted for most of the growth in civilian employees. Reversing a pattern of declining growth observed in the 2000 and 2004 CSLLEA data collections, about 9,500 more full-time sworn personnel were added from 2004 to 2008 than in the previous 4-year period. The percentage growth in the number of sworn officers from 2004 to 2008 (4.6%) exceeded growth from 2000 to 2004 (3.4%), but was about half the 9.1% peak growth rate recorded from 1992 to 1996. From 2004 to 2008, the growth rate for sworn personnel in sheriffs' offices (4.5%) was about the same as the overall rate. The growth rates for local police departments (3.2%) and the primary state law enforcement agencies (3.4%) were lower than the overall average. The growth rate was highest among special jurisdiction agencies (16.7%). From 1992 (the year of the first CSLLEA) to 2008, state and local law enforcement agencies added more than 287,000 full-time employees (a 34% increase), including about 157,000 sworn officers (26%) and 130,000 civilian employees (55%) (figure 2). Nationwide there was 1 sworn officer for every 400 residents In 2008 there were 373 full-time state and local law enforcement employees per 100,000 residents nationwide, compared to 367 per 100,000 in 2004 and 332 per 100,000 in 1992 (figure 3). There were 251 sworn personnel per 100,000 residents nationwide in 2008, or about 1 officer for every 400 residents. This was a slight increase over the 2004 ratio of 250 per 100,000 residents. There were more than 300 full-time sworn personnel per 100,000 residents in the District of Columbia (722), Louisiana (405), New Jersey (389), New York (341), Illinois (321), and Wyoming (317) (figure 4). In contrast, there were fewer than 200 full-time sworn personnel per 100,000 residents in Washington (174), Utah (175), Oregon (177), Vermont (178), Kentucky (183), Minnesota (185), West Virginia (186), Alaska (189), Michigan (190), Iowa (195), and Maine (195). (See appendix table 6 for state-by-state agency and employee counts.) Local police departments In 2008, 12,501 local police departments in the United States employed at least one full-time officer or the equivalent in part-time officers. Nearly all (98%) were operated by a municipal government. The remainder were operated by a county, tribal, or consolidated city-county government or served multiple jurisdictions under a regional or joint arrangement. Overall, about a third (35%) of the nearly 36,000 sub-county (municipal, township) general purpose local governments nationwide operated a local police department. States with the largest numbers of local police departments were Pennsylvania (965), Texas (788), Illinois (701), Ohio (678), New Jersey (476), Michigan (455), Missouri (430), and Wisconsin (429). States with the fewest were Hawaii (4), Delaware (36), Nevada (38), Rhode Island (39), and Alaska (42). (See appendix table 7 for state-by-state agency and employee counts.) Although most local police departments were small, most local police officers worked for larger agencies More than half of local police departments employed fewer than 10 full-time officers, and the overall median size was 8 full-time officers (table 3). Although departments with fewer than 10 full-time officers comprised 53% of all agencies, they employed just 6% of all officers (appendix table 3). A total of 638 (5%) of local police departments employed 100 or more full-time sworn personnel. These agencies employed 61% of all local police officers. About 14,000 local police officers were added nationwide from 2004 to 2008, compared to about 6,000 in the previous 4-year period From 2004 to 2008, the total number of full-time local police employees increased by 20,000 (3.5%) to about 593,000 (figure 5). The number of full-time sworn personnel increased by 14,000 (3.2%) to about 461,000 during this period. The number of civilian employees rose by 6,000 (4.6%) to about 132,000. From 2004 to 2008, the number of local police officers fell by 36% in Detroit and by 23% in Memphis During 2008 the New York City Police Department (NYPD), with 36,023 full-time officers, remained the largest local police department in the United States (appendix table 8). The NYPD employed nearly 3 times as many sworn personnel as the next largest agency the Chicago Police Department (13,354 officers). The other three local police departments that employed 5,000 or more officers during 2008 were in Los Angeles (9,727 officers), Philadelphia (6,624), and Houston (5,053). From 2004 to 2008, 15 of the 50 largest local police departments experienced a decrease in number of officers employed, compared to 20 of 50 between 2000 and 2004. The decline was small for some departments, such as the NYPD, which had 95 (0.3%) fewer officers in 2008 than 2004. In other departments, the loss was more substantial. Four of the 50 largest departments experienced a drop of more than 10% in the number of full-time officers from 2004 to 2008: *Detroit Police (down 35.9%) *Memphis Police (down 23.2%) *New Orleans Police (down 13.4%) *San Francisco Police (down 10.5%). Ten local police departments had a double-digit percentage increase in number of officers from 2004 to 2008 Among the 50 largest local police departments, 35 employed more full-time officers in 2008 than in 2004. The departments serving the following jurisdictions reported a double-digit increase: *Phoenix, Arizona (up 18.5%) *Prince George's County, Maryland (up 17.4%) *Dallas, Texas (up 15.5%) *Montgomery County, Maryland (up 15.2%) *Fort Worth, Texas (up 14.0%) *DeKalb County, Georgia (up 13.1%) *Charlotte-Mecklenburg County, North Carolina (up 12.7%) *Austin, Texas (up 11.2%) . Boston, Massachusetts (up 11.2%) *Las Vegas-Clark County, Nevada (up 10.0%). About half of the 50 largest departments had fewer officers per 100,000 residents in 2008 than 2004 In 2008, the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Police continued to have the highest ratio of full-time officers (634 officers per 100,000 residents), but this was an 3% decrease from 2004. Despite a 13% reduction in officers since 2004, the New Orleans Police had the seventh highest ratio of officers to residents at 423 per 100,000. This ratio was 19% higher than in 2004 as the city's population (although growing since 2007) remained well below the levels that existed prior to Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. Other large local police departments with more than 400 officers per 100,000 residents during 2008 included those in Chicago (472), Newark (472), Baltimore (469), Philadelphia (430), and New York (432). The lowest ratios among the 50 largest departments were in Montgomery County (Maryland) (129), Fairfax County (Virginia) (144), San Jose (146), San Antonio (150), and DeKalb County (Georgia) (168). Overall, 24 of the 50 largest local police departments had fewer officers per 100,000 residents in 2008 than in 2004. Sheriffs' offices The office of sheriff exists in nearly every county and independent city in the United States with a total of 3,085 offices nationwide. A total of 3,063 sheriffs' offices employed at least one full-time sworn officer or the equivalent in part-time officers during 2008. (Note: Some sheriffs' offices that have been involved in consolidations of county and municipal governmental functions are classified as local police in the CSLLEA.) States with the most sheriffs' offices were Texas (254), Georgia (159), Kentucky (120), Missouri (114), Kansas (104), Illinois (102), and North Carolina (100). (See appendix table 9 for state-by-state agency and employee counts). Alaska, Connecticut, Hawaii, and Rhode Island do not have any local sheriffs' offices. In those four states the court related duties typically performed by local sheriffs' offices are the responsibility of state agencies. The District of Columbia also does not have a sheriffs' office, where such duties are performed by the U.S. Marshals Service. Nearly all sheriffs' offices performed law enforcement and court-related functions; about 3 in 4 operated at least one jail Nearly all (96%) sheriffs' offices performed traditional law enforcement functions such as providing patrol services, responding to citizen calls for service, and enforcing traffic laws. A similar percentage performed court-related duties such as serving process (98%) and providing court security (96%). In addition, 75% of sheriffs' offices were responsible for operating at least one jail. Nationwide, sheriffs' offices had the equivalent of 59% of their full-time sworn personnel assigned to law enforcement operations, 23% to jail operations, 12% to court operations, and 6% to other duty areas. (Note: The CSLLEA counts all personnel with general arrest powers as sworn officers regardless of duty area.) Nearly 400 sheriffs' offices employed 100 or more full-time sworn personnel In 2008, 13 sheriffs' offices employed 1,000 or more full-time sworn officers, accounting for 18% of the full-time sworn personnel employed by sheriffs' offices nationwide (table 4 and appendix table 4). A total of 378 (12%) sheriffs' offices employed at least 100 officers, ac-counting for 66% of sworn personnel. While more than half of local police departments employed fewer than 10 full-time officers in 2008, less than a third (29%) of sheriffs' offices were this small. The median staffing level of sheriffs' offices was 18 full-time sworn personnel. Sheriffs' offices added more than twice as many civilian employees as sworn ones from 2004 to 2008 From 2004 to 2008, total full-time staff in sheriffs' offices increased by 27,000 employees (8.2%) to about 353,000 (figure 6). The number of full-time sworn personnel increased by 8,000 (4.5%) to about 183,000 during this period. The number of civilian employees rose by 19,000 (12.5%) to about 170,000. The Los Angeles County Sheriff 's Department was the largest in the United States, employing 9,461 full-time sworn personnel (appendix table 10). About a third of these officers had regularly assigned duties that included responding to citizen calls for service, with the remainder assigned to court and jail-related duties. The second largest sheriff 's office served Cook County, Illinois, with 5,655 sworn personnel. Just 4% of these officers were assigned to respond to calls. Among the 50 largest sheriffs' offices, the percent of sworn personnel assigned to respond to calls for service ranged from 0% to 97%. All but one agency reported having at least some sworn personnel who regularly performed law enforcement duties, and all but four had sworn personnel who performed court-related functions. About two-thirds of the agencies employed sworn personnel who performed jail-related duties. Primary state law enforcement agencies The CSLLEA identifies a primary state law enforcement agency in each of the 50 states. Depending on the state, this agency may be a state police agency, highway patrol agency, or a department of public safety. The latter are often more complex organizations and may encompass several agencies or divisions. Comparisons between primary state law enforcement agencies may not always be appropriate because of differences in organizational structure and responsibilities. From 2004 to 2008, employment by primary state law enforcement agencies rose by about 4% In 2008, the 50 primary state law enforcement agencies had 93,148 full-time employees, including about 61,000 full-time sworn personnel (table 5). Twenty agencies employed 1,000 or more sworn personnel, and 35 agencies employed at least 500 full-time officers. State agencies had 3,240 (3.6%) more employees in 2008 than in 2004. (figure 7) Employment of full-time sworn personnel The California Highway Patrol was the largest state law enforcement agency The largest state law enforcement agency, the California Highway Patrol, had 7,202 full-time sworn personnel, followed by the New York State Po-lice (4,847), Pennsylvania State Police (4,458), Texas Department of Public Safety (3,529), and New Jersey State Police (3,053) (table 6). Five agencies had fewer than 250 full-time sworn personnel: the North Dakota Highway Patrol (139), South Dakota Highway Patrol (152), Rhode Island State Police (201), Wyoming Highway Patrol (204), and Montana Highway Patrol (218). The Delaware State Police (75) had the largest number of full-time officers per 100,000 residents, followed by the Vermont State Police (49) and the Alaska State Troopers (40). The Wisconsin State Patrol (9), Florida Highway Patrol (9), and Minnesota State Patrol (10) had the smallest numbers of full-time officers per 100,000 residents. From 2004 to 2008, 30 of the 50 primary state law enforcement agencies increased the number of full-time sworn personnel they employed. Three agencies increased their number of full-time sworn personnel by more than 20%: the South Carolina Highway Patrol (up 23.2%), the New Hampshire State Police (up 21.1%), and the North Carolina State Highway Patrol (up 20.4%). The largest decreases in the number of full-time sworn personnel were reported by the Utah Department of Public Safety (down 11.7%), the Maryland State Police (down 9.8%), and the Idaho State Police (down 8.3%). The ratio of full-time sworn personnel per 100,000 residents served increased in 23 agencies from 2004 to 2008. The largest increases of officers per 100,000 residents were reported by the New Hampshire State Police (up 18.4%), the Iowa Department of Public Safety (up 17.6%), and the Louisiana State Police (up 15.3%). The largest decreases were reported by the Utah Department of Public Safety (down 21.0%), the Idaho State Police (down 16.5%), and the Georgia Department of Public Safety (down 13.2%). Special jurisdiction law enforcement agencies More than 1,700 state and local law enforcement agencies served a special geographic jurisdiction, or had special enforcement or investigative responsibilities during 2008. These agencies employed about 90,000 persons full time, including 57,000 sworn personnel (table 7). About 11,000 full-time sworn personnel were employed at 4-year public universities and colleges More than two-thirds of special jurisdiction law enforcement agencies served public buildings and facilities, employing more than 21,000 sworn personnel. Within this group were more than 500 campus police departments serving 4-year public institutions. These agencies employed about 11,000 full-time sworn officers. Another 253 campus police agencies served 2-year public colleges, employing more than 2,600 full-time sworn personnel. Addition-ally, 18 agencies, employing more than 700 full-time officers, served medical campuses. The largest campus law enforcement agency serving a public institution of higher education was the Temple University Police Department in Philadelphia, which employed 125 full-time sworn personnel (table 8). The next largest were at the University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey (94 full-time officers), the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston (94), the University of Maryland-College Park (90), and the University of Florida (85). (For more information on campus law enforcement agencies including those serving private campuses and those not employing sworn personnel, see Campus Law Enforcement Agencies, 2004-05, BJS Web, February 2008.) A total of 250 special jurisdiction agencies served public school districts The 250 police departments operated by public school districts nationwide employed nearly 5,000 full-time sworn personnel. Although some large school systems, including those in New York and Chicago, obtained services from their city police departments, some of the largest systems had their own police departments with full-time sworn personnel. The largest of these in 2008 was the School District of Philadelphia which employed 450 full-time sworn officers (table 9). Other large school police departments included those serving districts in Los Angeles (340 full-time officers); Miami-Dade County, Florida (210); Houston, Texas (197); Palm Beach County, Florida (176); Clark County, Nevada (157); and Baltimore, Maryland (142). Another 29 special jurisdiction agencies, employing more than 1,100 officers, were responsible for providing services for state government buildings. Many of these agencies use the name capitol police, reflecting the most prominent of the facilities they protect. In some states, police protection for the capitol and other state government buildings falls under the jurisdiction of a primary state law enforcement agency, such as the state police. Nearly 15,000 full-time sworn personnel were employed in jobs related to natural resources After agencies serving public buildings and facilities, the next largest employer of full-time sworn personnel among special jurisdiction agencies was the group responsible for enforcing laws pertaining to natural resources. Most of these agencies enforced laws pertaining to fish and wildlife conservation, or pro-vided law enforcement services for parks and recreation areas. Other functions included enforcing environmental pollution laws, boating laws, and protecting vital forest and water resources. Overall, these 246 agencies employed nearly 15,000 full-time sworn personnel. Many of the largest natural resources law enforcement agencies were operated at the state level, including 28 of the 30 largest (table 10). The California Department of Parks and Recreation employed the most full-time sworn personnel (645), followed by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Com-mission (626), Texas Parks & Wildlife Department (480), Ohio Department of Natural Resources (394), and California Department of Fish & Game (330). The largest local-level agency in this category was operated by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection, which employed 168 full-time police officers to protect the city's watershed and water infrastructure. Many park police agencies also existed at the local and regional levels, and 21 Native American tribes employed separate agencies with full-time sworn personnel to enforce laws pertaining to fish and wildlife conservation. Agencies tasked with safeguarding transportation systems and facilities Transportation-related jurisdictions, such as mass transit systems, airports, bridges, tunnels, commercial vehicles, and port facilities, have been a major area of focus for homeland security efforts in recent years. In 2008, 167 law enforcement agencies had specific transportation-related jurisdictions and employed about 11,500 full-time sworn officers. The largest, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police Department, employed 1,667 officers in 2008 (table 11). The multiple jurisdictions of the Port Authority Police included LaGuardia, Kennedy, and Newark Airports, the Lincoln and Holland Tunnels, the George Washington and Staten Island Bridges, the PATH train system, the Port Authority Bus Terminal, and the Port Newark and Port Elizabeth Marine Terminals. After the Port Authority Police, the five largest transportation-related police forces were employed by the New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority (694 officers), Los Angeles World Airports (577), Maryland Transportation Authority (456), Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (442), and Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) (309). Law enforcement services for some large airport and transit systems are provided by a local police department or sheriff 's office. For example, the police departments in New York City and Chicago are responsible for the subway systems in those cities. In addition, the Chicago Police also provide law enforcement services for O'Hare and Midway airports, working in conjunction with the 251 unarmed sworn officers of the Chicago Department of Aviation. Methodology The Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies (CSLLEA) is conducted every 4 years to provide a complete enumeration of agencies and their employees. Employment data are reported by agencies for sworn and nonsworn (civilian) personnel and, within these categories, by full-time or part-time status. Agencies also complete a checklist of functions they regularly perform, or have primary responsibility for, within the following areas: patrol and response, criminal investigation, traffic and vehicle-related functions, detention-related functions, court-related functions, special public safety functions (e.g., animal control), task force participation, and specialized functions (e.g., search and rescue). The CSLLEA provides national data on the number of state and local law enforcement agencies and employees for local police departments, sheriffs' offices, state law enforcement agencies, and special jurisdiction agencies. It also serves as the sampling frame for BJS surveys of law enforcement agencies. The 2008 CSLLEA form was mailed to 20,110 agencies that were determined to potentially be operating on the reference date of September 30, 2008. This master list was created by compiling information from the following sources: *The 2004 CSLLEA *Lists provided by Peace Officer Standards and Training offices and other state agencies *An FBI list of agencies requesting new identifiers since the 2004 CSLLEA Data were collected on behalf of BJS by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago. More than half (52%) of all responses were submitted in hardcopy version by mail or fax. Another 41% were received through a secure website operated by NARC. The remaining 7% of agencies did not respond by website, mail, or fax within the allotted timeframe and were contacted by phone with BJS's assistance. The information necessary to determine eligibility was obtained from all agencies. Responding agencies were screened for eligibility and were excluded if any of the following conditions existed on the CSLLEA reference date of September 30, 2008. The percentage of agencies from the original master list that were ruled ineligible through each criterion is in parentheses. *The agency employed only part-time officers, and their total combined works hours averaged less than 35 hours per week (5.1% of agencies from master list excluded). *The agency was closed, represented a duplicate listing, or was otherwise an invalid entry (2.2% excluded). *The agency contracted or outsourced to another agency for performance of all services (1.7% excluded). *The agency did not employ personnel with general arrest powers (0.6% excluded). *The agency did not operate with funds from a state, local, special district, or tribal government (0.6% excluded). *All sworn officers volunteered their time on an unpaid basis (0.3% excluded). Data on number and type of personnel were obtained from all eligible agencies. Data on agency functions were obtained from 99.0% and on primary duty area of sworn personnel from 99.4% of eligible agencies. The ratios of personnel per 100,000 residents were calculated using final population estimates published by the Census Bureau for July 1st of each CSLLEA year. The ratios for county-level agencies in appendix table 8 exclude the population of municipalities within the counties that were operating their own police departments. The counts generated by the CSLLEA are more inclusive than those of the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program. The CSLLEA includes all officers with arrest powers regardless of function, while the UCR data exclude officers not paid out of police funds. This exclusion generally pertains to officers working exclusively for jails or courts. Another reason the UCR counts are lower than those from the CSLLEA is that the UCR excludes some agencies that do not have an Originating Agency Identifier (ORI) assigned by the FBI. Some agencies without an ORI are still included in the UCR employee counts (but not in the agency counts) because they report their data to another agency, which reports it to the FBI. Overall, the UCR data cover about 95% of the U.S. population, while the CSLLEA covers 100%. In addition to greater population coverage, the CSLLEA has counted about 8% more sworn personnel than the UCR in 2000, 2004, and 2008 (table 12). Over time, the employment growth trends recorded by the CSLLEA have been consistent with those recorded by the UCR. --------------------------------------------------------- Office of Justice Programs * Innovation * Partnerships * Safer Neighborhoods * http://www.ojp.gov ---------------------------------------------------------- The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the statistical agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. James P. Lynch is the director. This report was written by Brian Reaves. Andrea Burch provided statistical review and verification of the report. Catherine Bird and Jill Thomas edited the report, Barbara Quinn produced the report, and Jayne E. Robinson prepared the report for final printing under the supervision of Doris J. James. July 2011, NCJ 233982 This report in PDF and in ASCII and its related statistical data and tables are available on the BJS website at: http://www.bjs.gov/index. cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=2216. ----------------------------------------------------------- 7/19/2011 JER 10:16am