U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2003 May 2004, NCJ 203947 revised 7/14/2002 th ---------------------------------------------------------------- This file is text only without graphics and many of the tables. A Zip archive of the tables in this report in spreadsheet format (.wk1) and the full report including tables and graphics in .pdf format are available from: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/pjim03.htm This report is one in a series. More recent editions may be available. To view a list of all in the series go to http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pubalp2.htm#pjmidyear ---------------------------------------------------------------- By Paige M. Harrison and Jennifer C. Karberg BJS Statisticians ------------------------------------------ Highlights Prison population increased by 40,983, the largest increase in 4 years In the year ending June 30, 2003 -- * The number of inmates in custody in local jails rose by 25,826; in State prison by 21,552; and in Federal prison by 10,492. * The smaller State prison systems had the greatest percentage increase: Vermont (up 12.2%), Minnesota (up 9.4%), and Maine (up 9.1%). At midyear 2003 -- * A total of 3,006 State prisoners were under age 18. Adult jails held a total of 6,869 persons under age 18. * State and Federal correctional authorities held 90,700 noncitizens, up from 88,677 (2.3%) at midyear 2003. * There were 119 female inmates per 100,000 women in the United States, compared to 1,331 male inmates per 100,000 men. * An estimated 12% of black males, 3.7% of Hispanic males, and 1.6% of white males in their twenties were in prison or jail. * Local jails were operating 6% below their rated capacity. In contrast, at yearend 2002 State prisons were operating between 1% and 17% above capacity, and Federal prisons were 33% above their rated capacity. * Privately operated prison facilities held 94,361 inmates (up 1.3% since yearend 2002). The Federal system reported the largest increase among inmates in private prisons (up 1,181). ------------------------------------------- At midyear 2003 the Nation's prisons and jails incarcerated 2,078,570 persons. Prisoners in the custody of the 50 States and the Federal Government accounted for two-thirds of the incarcerated population (1,380,776 inmates). The other third were held in local jails (691,301). On June 30, 2003, 1,460,920 prisoners were under Federal and State jurisdiction, which includes inmates in custody and persons under the legal authority of a prison system but held outside its facilities. During the 12-month period ending June 30, 2003, the number under State jurisdiction rose by 2.6%, while the number under Federal jurisdiction rose by 5.4%. Vermont (up 12.2%), Minnesota (up 9.4%), Maine (up 9.1%), and Mississippi (up 6.5%) had the largest percentage increases. Nine States had decreases, including Rhode Island (-3.4%), Arkansas (-2.2%), and Montana (-2.1%). At midyear 2003 local jail authorities held or supervised 762,672 offenders. Ten percent of these offenders (71,371)were supervised outside jail facilities in programs such as community service, work release, weekend reporting, electronic monitoring, and other alternative programs. Incarceration rate for Nation reaches 715 per 100,000 residents On June 30, 2003, 1,380,776 inmates were in the custody of State and Federal prison authorities, and 691,301 inmates were in the custody of local jail authorities. In the first 6 months of 2003, the Nation's prison population increased 19,518 (1.4%). These data were collected in the 2003 National Prisoner Statistics program and the 2003 Annual Survey of Jails. (See Methodology, page 11, for a description of data collections.) Since midyear 2002 the total incarcerated population has increased 2.9%. Including inmates in public and privately operated facilities, the number of inmates in State prisons increased 1.8%; in Federal prisons, 7.1%; and in local jails, 3.9%. At midyear 2003, Federal prisons (including all secure and non-secure public and private facilities) held 8.0% of all inmates, up from 5.6% in 1995. Between yearend 1995 and midyear 2003, the incarcerated population grew an average of 3.7% annually. During this period the Federal and State prison populations and the local jail population grew at the average annual rates of 8.0%,2.9%, and 4.0%, respectively. In the 12 months before midyear 2003,the number of inmates in prison and jail rose an estimated 57,601 inmates, or 1,108 inmates per week. The rate of incarceration in prison and jail in 2003 was 715 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents -0- up from 703 at midyear 2002. At midyear 2003, 1 in every 140 U.S. residents were in prison or jail. State prison population largest increase since 1999 The rate of growth of the State prison population slowed between 1995 and 2001 and then began to rise. During this time, the percentage change in the first 6 months of each year steadily decreased, reaching a low of 0.6% in 2001, and then rose to 1.3% in 2003. The percentage change in the second 6 months of each year showed a similar trend, resulting in an actual decrease in State prison populations for the second half of 2000 and 2001. Since 1995 the Federal system has grown at a much higher rate than the States, peaking at 6% growth in the first 6 months of 1999. In the first 6 months of 2003, the number of Federal inmates increased 4.2% (nearly 3 times the rate of State growth). Some of the Federal growth since 1999 has been the result of the transfer of responsibility for housing sentenced felons from the District of Columbia. The transfer to Federal facilities was completed by yearend 2001. Since then, the Federal system has continued to receive sentenced felons from DC Superior Court. In absolute numbers, the total increase of 40,983 State and Federal prison inmates between July 1, 2002, and June 30, 2003, was significantly higher than the growth during the previous 12- month period (20,587 inmates). The 2.9% growth represents the largest growth in the prison population since the 12-month period ending June 30, 1999. However, it remains lower than the average annual growth of 3.2% from 1995 to 2003. Federal system accounts for over 20% of inmate population increase Over a fifth of the growth (23%) in the Nation's prison population during the 12 months ending June 30, 2003, was accounted for by the 8,780 additional inmates under jurisdiction of the Federal system. During this 12-month period, several States also experienced substantial growth, including Vermont (12.2%), Minnesota (9.4%), Maine (9.1%), and Mississippi (6.5%). Nine States experienced a decline in their prison population. Rhode Island had the largest percentage decrease (-3.4%), followed by Arkansas (-2.2%), Montana (-2.1%), and New York (-1.8%). ---------------------------------------- Prison incarceration rates continue to rise The incarceration rate of State and Federal prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year was 480 per 100,000 U.S. residents on June 30, 2003, up from 476 per 100,000 on December 31, 2002. At midyear 2003, 12 States led by Louisiana (803 sentenced prisoners per 100,000 State residents), Texas (692), and Mississippi (688), exceeded the national rate. Nine States, including Maine (148), Minnesota (150), and North Dakota (175) -- had rates that were less than half of the national rate. Overall, the State incarceration rate rose about 14% between yearend 1995 and midyear 2003, from 379 to 429 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents. At the same time, the Federal incarceration rate rose almost 60%, from 32 to 51 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents. Since yearend 1995 the number of sentenced inmates per 100,000 residents has risen from 411 to 480. During this period prison incarceration rates rose the most in the Midwest (from 310 to 377), followed by the South (from 483 to 541) and the West (from 358 to 416). The rate in the Northeast rose slightly from 301 to 304. Half of inmates in private facilities held for Federal system and three States In the first 6 months of 2003, the number of prisoners held in privately operated facilities increased from 93,179 to 94,361, an increase of 1.3%. Overall, private facilities held 6.5% of all State and Federal inmates, up from 6.2% at midyear 2002. The Federal system (21,372), Texas (16,714), Oklahoma (5,573), and Tennessee (5,079) reported the largest number of inmates in private facilities at midyear 2003. Four States -- New Mexico (44%), Alaska (29%), Wyoming, and Montana (both 26%) -- had at least a quarter of their prisoners in private facilities. ------------------------------------------- Female inmate population rose at a faster rate than male inmate population in last 12-month period From July 1, 2002, to June 30, 2003, the number of women under the jurisdiction of State and Federal prison authorities grew from 95,363 to 100,102, an increase of 5.0%. The number of men rose 2.7%, from 1,324,574 to 1,360,818. At midyear 2003, California, Texas, Florida, and the Federal system housed 4 of every 10 female inmates. Since 1995 the annual rate of growth in the number of female inmates has averaged 5.2%, higher than the 3.4% average increase of male inmates. Women accounted for 6.9% of all inmates at midyear 2003, up from 6.1% at yearend 1995. Relative to their number in the U.S. resident population, men were about 15 times more likely than women to be incarcerated in a State or Federal prison. On June 30, 2003, the rate for inmates serving a sentence of more than 1 year was 61 female inmates per 100,000 women in the United States, compared to 914 sentenced male inmates per 100,000 men. Number of State inmates under age 18 continues to decline A total of 3,006 State prisoners were under age 18 on June 30, 2003, down slightly from 3,038 at midyear 2002. Overall, 0.2% of all State prisoners were under age 18. Ten States reported more than 100 prisoners under age 18 at midyear 2003, led by Texas (487), Connecticut (300), Florida (298), New York (231), and North Carolina (178). Three of these States reported an increase in their under age 18 populations held in prison during the 12 months ending June 30, 2003. Three States (Maine, Kentucky, and West Virginia)had no inmates under age 18 at midyear 2003. Fourteen other States reported fewer than 10 inmates under age 18. At midyear 2003, 62% of noncitizen prisoners held in State facilities; 38% in Federal facilities On June 30, 2003, 90,700 noncitizens were in the custody of State or Federal correctional authorities, up from 88,677 at midyear 2002. Overall, 6.6% of State and Federal inmates at midyear 2003 were not U.S. citizens. The noncitizen prisoner population increased between 1998 and 1999, and since then has remained nearly stable, changing about 2% between midyear 1999 and midyear 2003. At midyear 2003, 34,456 Federal inmates were noncitizens, representing over 20% of all prisoners in Federal custody. California (18,559), Texas (8,702), New York (8,370), Florida (4,739), and Arizona (3,670) held almost 80% of all noncitizens confined in State prison. Noncitizen prisoners accounted for over 10% of the prison populations of California, New York, Arizona, and Nevada. Growth continues as rising admissions outpace releases From 2000 to 2002 admissions to State prison rose 5.8% (from 581,487 in 2000 to 615,377 in 2002). During 2002, 589,844 sentenced prisoners were released from State prisons, up from 569,599 in 2000 -- an increase of 3.6%. Admissions to the Federal prison system increased 10.1% between 2000 and 2002 (from 43,732 to 48,144); releases increased 20.1% (35,259 to 42,339). Although releases rose faster than admissions, the number of admissions to Federal prison in 2002 exceeded releases by more than 5,800 inmates. Overall, State prison release rates dropped from 37 per 100 inmates in 1990 to 31 per 100 in 1995 and then remained nearly unchanged (reaching 32 per 100 in 2002). However, as a result of increasing total prison populations, the absolute number of releases increased 30% (from 455,139 in 1995 to 589,844 in 2002). Number of parole violators returned to prison stable since 1998 Prior to 1998 growth in prison admissions reflected increasing numbers of offenders returning for parole violations. Between 1990 and 1998, the number of returned parole violators increased 54% (from 133,870 to 206,152), while the number of new court commitments increased 7% (from 323,069 to 347,270). However, since 1998 parole violators returned to prison increased less than 1%, while new court commitments rose 13%. At midyear the Nation's jails supervised 762,672 persons As defined in this report, jails are locally operated correctional facilities that confine persons before or after adjudication. Inmates sentenced to jail usually have a sentence of 1 year or less, but jails also incarcerate persons in a wide variety of other categories. (See box below.) Based on the 2003 Annual Survey of Jails, the Nation's local jails held or supervised 762,672 offenders on June 30, 2003. Jail authorities supervised 9% of these offenders (71,371) in alternative programs outside the jail facilities. A total of 691,301 persons were housed in local jails. --------------------------- Jails -- * receive individuals pending arraignment and hold them awaiting trial, conviction, or sentencing * readmit probation, parole, and bail-bond violators and absconders * temporarily detain juveniles pending transfer to juvenile authorities * hold mentally ill persons pending their movement to appropriate health facilities * hold individuals for the military, for protective custody, for contempt, and for the courts as witnesses * release convicted inmates to the community upon completion of sentence * transfer inmates to Federal, State, or other authorities * house inmates for Federal, State, or other authorities because of crowding of their facilities * sometimes operate community- based programs as alternatives to incarceration * hold inmates sentenced to short terms (generally under 1 year). ---------------------------------------- Among persons under community supervision by jail staff in 2003, 24% were required to perform community service (17,102) and 17% participated in a weekend reporting program (12,111). Eighteen percent of offenders in the community were under electronic monitoring; 16% were under other pretrial supervision; 3% were in a drug, alcohol, mental health, or other type of medical treatment program; and 6% were in a work release or other alternative work program. Number of jail inmates rose 25,800 in 12 months ending June 30, 2003 Between July 1, 2002, and June 30, 2003, the number of persons held in local jail facilities grew 3.9% -- from 665,475 to 691,301. The 12-month increase was similar to the average annual growth (4.0%) from midyear 1995 to midyear 2003. The 3.9% growth in 2003 was less than last year's increase of 5.4%. In absolute numbers, the total increase of 25,826 inmates in 2003 was 8,400 less than the increase in 2002(34,235). Jail incarceration rates rose in last 12-month period Since 1995 the Nation's jail population on a per capita basis has increased over 23%. During this period the number of jail inmates per 100,000 residents rose from 193 to 238. When individuals under community supervision by jail authorities are included with those in custody, the rate was 262 persons per 100,000 U.S. residents at midyear 2003. An estimated total of 6,869 persons under age 18 were housed in adult jails on June 30, 2003. Eighty percent of these young inmates had been convicted or were being held for trial as adults in criminal court. The average daily population for the year ending June 30, 2003, was 680,760, an increase of 4.4% from 2002 and 33.5% from 1995. Characteristics of jail inmate population changing gradually Male inmates made up 88.1% of the local jail inmate population at midyear 2003 -- 1.7 percentage points lower than at midyear 1995. During the 12-month period ending June 30, 2003, the number of adult female inmates rose 6.3%, while the number of adult male inmates increased 3.7%. On average the adult female jail population has grown 6.4% annually in the past 10 years, while the adult male inmate population has grown 3.9%. At midyear 2003 nearly 6 in 10 persons in local jails were racial or ethnic minorities. Whites made up 43.6% of the jail population; blacks, 39.2%; Hispanics, 15.4%; and other races (Asians, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders), 1.8%. On a per capita basis, men were nearly 8 times more likely than women to have been held in a local jail on June 30, 2003. Blacks were 5 times more likely than whites, nearly 3 times more likely than Hispanics, and over 9 times more likely than persons of other races to have been in jail. On June 30, 2003, 60% of the Nation's adult jail inmates were awaiting court action on their current charge. An estimated 270,000 adults held in local jails were serving a sentence in jail, awaiting sentencing, or serving time for a probation or parole violation. As a percent of all jail inmates, the percent convicted has dropped from 44.0% at midyear 2000 to 39.4% at midyear 2003. At midyear 2003, 94% of jail capacity occupied In the 12 months ending June 30, 2003, fewer beds than inmates were added to the Nation's jails. At midyear 2003 the rated capacity of local jails was estimated at 736,471 beds, an increase of 22,572 in 12 months. Rated capacity is the maximum number of beds or inmates allocated by State or local rating officials to each jail facility. The growth in jail capacity during the 12-month period ending on June 30, 2003, (22,572) was less than the average growth of 23,839 beds every 12 months since midyear 1995, but was more than the growth in the number of beds during 2001 (21,522) and 2002 (14,590). As of June 30, 2003, 94% of the local jail capacity was occupied. **Footnote: On December 31, 2002, State prisons were operating between 1% and 17% above capacity, while Federal prisons were operating at 33% above capacity. See Prisoners in 2002, July 2003, NCJ 200248.** As a ratio of all inmates housed in jail facilities to total capacity, the percentage occupied decreased by 10 percentage points from 1990 to 2003. At midyear 1990 local jails operated at 4% above their rated capacity. Jail jurisdictions that on average held between 500-999 inmates again reported the highest occupancy rates. At midyear 2003 occupancy was 96% of rated capacity in jail jurisdictions with an average daily population of 1,000 or more inmates, compared to 67% in those with fewer than 50 inmates. The 50 largest jail jurisdictions housed a third of all jail inmates On June 30, 2003, the Nation's 50 largest jail jurisdictions held 31.2% (215,729) of all jail inmates. Twenty States had at least one jurisdiction which ranked in the top 50 for average daily population. States with more than one jurisdiction among the 50 largest jail jurisdictions are California (12), Florida (8),Texas (7), Georgia (3), Ohio (2), Pennsylvania (2), and Tennessee (2). The two jurisdictions with the most inmates, Los Angeles County and New York City, together held approximately 33,700 inmates, or 5% of the national total. Seventeen jurisdictions among the 50 largest experienced a decrease in the number of inmates held between July 1, 2002, and June 30, 2003. Jurisdictions with double-digit decreases were Contra Costa County, California (down 15.7%), Travis County, Texas (down 15.5%), and Milwaukee County, Wisconsin (down 12.9%). Excluding the District of Columbia, 11 jail jurisdictions of the 50 largest experienced double-digit growth. The jurisdiction with the largest increase in jail population was Fresno County, California (up 43.1%). Other jail jurisdictions with substantial population increases were Polk County, Florida (up 33.3%), Fulton County, Georgia (up 22.7%), Hillsborough County, Florida (up 19.1%), De Kalb County, Georgia (up 14.9%), and Tarrant County, Texas, along with Cobb County, Georgia (both up 14.4%). Nineteen of the 50 largest jail jurisdictions operated over their rated capacities. On June 30, 2003, Maricopa County, Arizona, operated at 158% of their capacity; Polk County, Florida, operated at 135%; and Philadelphia City, Pennsylvania, operated at 128% of capacity. An estimated 12% of black males in their twenties in prison or jail in 2003 When total incarceration rates are estimated separately by age group, black males in their twenties and thirties are found to have high rates relative to other groups. Among the more than 2 million offenders incarcerated on June 30, 2003, an estimated 577,300 were black males between ages 20 and 39. Among males age 25 to 29, 12.8% of blacks were in prison or jail, compared to 3.7% of Hispanics and about 1.6% of whites. Although incarceration rates drop with age, the percentage of black males age 45 to 54 in prison or jail in 2003 was an estimated 4.4% -- more than twice the highest rate (1.6%) among white males (age 20 to 24). Female incarceration rates, though significantly lower than male rates at every age, reveal similar racial and ethnic differences. Black females (with a prison and jail rate of 352 per 100,000) were nearly 2½ times more likely than Hispanic females (148 per 100,000) and over 4½ times more likely than white females (75 per 100,000) to be incarcerated in 2003. These differences among white, black, and Hispanic females were consistent across all age groups. Among black females, the rate was highest (891 per 100,000) among those age 30 to 34. This rate was more than 4 times higher than the rate among white females in this age group (211 per 100,000). Methodology National Prisoner Statistics (NPS) The Bureau of Justice Statistics, with the U.S. Census Bureau as its collection agent, obtains yearend and midyear counts of prisoners from departments of correction in each of the 50 States and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. NPS distinguishes between prisoners in custody from those under jurisdiction. To have custody of a prisoner, a State must hold that person in one of its facilities. To have jurisdiction, a State has legal authority over the prisoner. Prisoners under a State's jurisdiction may be in the custody of a local jail, another State's prison, or other correctional facility such as a privately operated institution. Some States are unable to provide both custody and jurisdiction counts. Excluded from NPS counts are persons confined in locally administered confinement facilities who are under the jurisdiction of local authorities. NPS counts include all inmates in State-operated facilities in Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode Island, and Vermont, which have combined jail-prison systems. (See National Prisoner Statistics jurisdiction notes, on the BJS Web site.) Annual Survey of Jails, 2003 In each of the years between the full censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the Nation's jails and the inmates housed in these jails. Based on information from the 1999 Census of Jails, a sample of jail jurisdictions was selected for the 2003 survey. A jurisdiction is a county (parish in Louisiana) or municipal government that administers one or more local jails. The sample included all jail facilities (940) in 878 jurisdictions. In drawing the sample, all multi-jurisdictional (55) jails were included in the sample with certainty. These jails are operated jointly by two or more jurisdictions. Other jurisdictions (356) were included automatically in the sample if their jails held juvenile inmates on census day and had an average daily population of 250 or more inmates, or if their jails held only adults and had an average daily population of 500 or more. The remaining jurisdictions were stratified into two groups: jurisdictions with jails holding at least one juvenile on June 30, 1999, and jurisdictions with jails holding adults only. Using stratified probability sampling, 467 jurisdictions were then selected from 10 strata based on the average daily population in the 1999 census. Data were obtained by mailed and web-based survey questionnaires. After follow-up phone calls to respondents, the response rate for the survey was 100% for critical items such as rated capacity, average daily population, and number of inmates confined. (For standard errors, see Appendix tables, Annual Survey of Jails 2003, on the BJS Web site.) National Prisoner Statistics jurisdiction notes Alaska -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Jurisdiction counts exclude inmates held in local jails that are operated by communities. Arizona -- Counts are based on custody data. California -- Jurisdiction counts include unsentenced inmates temporarily housed in local jails or in hospitals. Colorado -- Counts include 411 inmates housed in local jails, 2,451 inmates in Colorado contract, and 244 inmates in the Youthful Offender System, which was established primarily for violent juvenile offenders. Counts of inmates with sentences of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year or less. Reports foreign-born inmates rather than noncitizens. Connecticut -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Delaware -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Federal -- Custody counts include inmates housed in privately operated secure facilities under contract with BOP or with a State or local government that has an intergovernmental agreement. Also includes inmates held in privately operated community correctional centers. Racial categories include 39,795 inmates of Hispanic origin. Florida -- Counts provided prior to 2003 were based on custody data and are not comparable to the jurisdiction counts provided for 2003. Georgia -- Counts are based on custody data. Hawaii -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Illinois -- Counts of inmates with sentences of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year. Kansas -- Counts of inmates with sentences of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year or less. Racial categories include 685 inmates of Hispanic origin. Louisiana -- Data system does not include Hispanic origin. Maryland -- Counts by sentence length are estimates extracted from actual sentence length breakdowns from automated data and applied to totals based on manual data. Data system does not include Hispanic origin. Reports foreign-born inmates rather than noncitizens. Massachusetts -- Jurisdiction counts exclude approximately 6,200 male inmates in the county system (local jails and houses of correction) serving a sentence of over 1 year. These male inmates are included in Massachusetts' incarceration rate. By law offenders may be sentenced to terms up to 2½ years in locally operated jails and correctional institutions. Michigan -- Jurisdictions counts exclude inmates who are out to court and inmates housed in local jails awaiting return to prison. Minnesota -- Racial categories include 524 inmates of Hispanic origin. New Hampshire -- Racial categories include 133 inmates of Hispanic origin. New Jersey -- Counts of inmates with sentences of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year. New York -- Reports foreign-born inmates rather than noncitizens. North Carolina -- Data system does not include Hispanic origin. Ohio -- Counts of inmates with sentences of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year or less. Oklahoma -- Counts of inmates with sentences of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year or less. Jurisdiction counts on June 30, 2002 not comparable to counts on June 30, 2003. Oregon -- Counts of inmates with sentences of more than 1 year include an undetermined number with a sentence of 1 year or less. Rhode Island -- Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Tennessee -- Reports foreign-born inmates rather than noncitizens. Vermont -- Prisons and jails form an integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Inmates of Hispanic origin were reported in racial categories only. Wisconsin -- Custody counts exclude inmates held in non- Wisconsin DOC facilities under contract. Racial categories include 1,311 inmates of Hispanic origin. --------------------------------------------- The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the statistical agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. Lawrence A. Greenfeld is director. BJS Bulletins present the first release of findings from permanent data collection programs such as the National Prisoner Statistics program and the Annual Survey of Jails. Paige M. Harrison and Jennifer C. Karberg wrote this report, under the supervision of Allen J. Beck. Tom Hester edited the report. Jayne E. Robinson administered final production. Data collection and processing were carried out by Pamela Butler (National Prisoner Statistics) and Lisa McNelis (Annual Survey of Jails), under the supervision of Charlene Sebold, Governments Division, Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. May 2004, NCJ 203947 B ------------------------------------------------ End of file 05/13/04 ih rev 7/14/2004 th