U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Publications Catalog, 1997 August 1997, NCJ-164385 The printed copy of this publication and of all the items listed in it are available from: 1-800-732-3277 Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse Box 179 Annapolis Junction, MD. 20701-0179 fax number for report orders and mailing list signups: 1-410-792-4358 Contents BJS overview reports 1 Crimes and victims 4 Drugs and crime 9 Criminal offenders 10 The justice system 11 Law enforcement 11 Prosecution 14 Courts and sentencing 15 Corrections 21 Expenditure and employment 25 Criminal record systems 26 Order form 29 U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics Jan M. Chaiken, Ph.D. Director HOW TO USE THIS CATALOG This catalog includes published and forthcoming BJS reports, listed in order from newest to oldest. Postage and handling are charged for bulk orders of reports. For single copies of multiple titles, up to 5 titles are free; 6 to 10 titles are $10; 11-15 titles are $15; 16-20 titles are $20; call 1-800-732-3277 for more than 20 titles. Libraries call 1-800-732-3277 for special rates. For a copy of this catalog or any titles listed, use the NCJ number and title to order and call or fax your order to the BJS Clearinghouse. To buy fee items, call the BJS Clearinghouse or use the order form on page 29. Other BJS information services The BJS Clearinghouse, operated as part of the National Criminal Justice Reference Service, answers statistical questions, distributes reports, and enrolls callers on the BJS mailing lists. The toll-free number is 800-732-3277. Fax orders to 410-792-4358 (use your name, address, the report title, and the NCJ number). The latest BJS data releases are available 24 hours a day on the BJS fax-on-demand system (call 301-519-5550). On the Internet, use the BJS World Wide Web site (http//www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/) or the BJS gopher (gopher://www.ojp.usdoj.gov:70/11/bjs/). The National Archive of Criminal Justice Data at the Inter-university Consortium of Political and Social Research (ICPSR), University of Michigan, stores and distributes BJS data and documentation. On the Internet use http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/NACJD/home.html or call 1-800-999-0960 for information about obtaining computer tapes, CD-ROM's, and diskettes. The National Clearinghouse for Criminal Justice Information Systems operates an automated index of more than 1,000 criminal justice information systems used by State and local governments, available on the Internet (http://www.search.org/ch.html) and on the Criminal Justice Information System Bulletin Board (916-392-2550). The Index of State Projects and Reports, maintained by the Justice Research and Statistics Association (JRSA), is a database of the activities of State criminal justice statistical agencies, including current Statistical Analysis Center (SAC) activities, research efforts, and statistical programs; abstracts of SAC publications; information on reports in the JRSA library; and data from the SAC Skills Survey. JRSA staff can search the database for specific topics using key words and give you printouts: call 202-842-9330. JRSA's home page is at http://www.jrsa.info.org. BJS OVERVIEW REPORTS NCJ 154349 Firearms, Crime, and Criminal Justice 50pp, forthcoming, 30 tables, 20 figures; Marianne W. Zawitz, BJS This report presents data about firearms, crime, and the response by the criminal justice system. It includes the number of guns available, gun ownership, self-protection with guns, types and trends in gun crime, and special sanctions for offenders who use guns. Presented in a nontechnical format, the report uses a variety of sources from BJS and other agencies to provide comprehensive coverage. NCJ 165361 Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, 1996 U.S. $6.00 postage and handling, Canada $11.00, other $30.00 700+pp, forthcoming. Bureau of Justice Statistics, Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center, BJS award #95-BJ-R-035 Presents a broad spectrum of criminal justice data from more than 100 sources in 6 sections: * characteristics of the criminal justice systems * public attitudes toward crime and criminal justice topics * the nature and distribution of known offenses * characteristics and distribution of persons arrested * judicial processing of defendants * persons under correctional supervision. Includes more than 600 tables, figures, subject index, annotated bibliography, technical appendixes with definitions and methodology, and list of source publishers and their addresses. Also available on the Internet World Wide Web: http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/ NCJ 165704 Presale Handgun Checks, 1996: A National Estimate 6pp, forthcoming Provides a national estimate of handgun purchasing applications, the number rejected, and the reasons for rejection. The project is an ongoing data collection effort focusing on the firearms check procedures in each State for calendar 1996. The responses from 49 States summarized in this Bulletin are being used to develop statistics describing implementation of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. Requests to supply data for this report were made of more than 600 State and local chief law enforcement officers of agencies designated as authorized to perform criminal record checks for handgun purchases under the Brady Act (or, in the case of Brady alternative States, under those States' own legislation). NCJ 164253 CD-ROM: Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, 1994 and 1995 Editions $11.50 U.S., $15 Canada and other countries. Forthcoming. Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center, BJS award #95-BJ-R-035 Presents complete 1994 and 1995 Sourcebooks (more than 1,200 tables) in Adobe Acrobat portable document format (PDF) files that are viewable, searchable, and printable on all platforms, with PDF files of all tables appearing in each edition, instructions for use of the CD-ROM, and an Acrobat reader. Included in each edition are more than 600 tables of statistical data organized in the same six topical sections as the 1996 Sourcebook (see above), with links and bookmarks for easy navigation of the tables, technical appendixes, annotated bibliography, addresses of source publishers, and subject index. The CD provides links to the appropriate table from every entry in the extensive subject index, the contents, and the table and figure list. Table notes referring to other tables and an appendix also are linked. Each edition is cataloged for use with the Acrobat reader search function for search results across Sourcebook sections. The find feature of the reader searches individual files for topics of interest. System requirements for installing Adobe Acrobat Reader 3.0 are as follows: * A minimum of 4 MB of RAM and 6 MB free space on PC or Mac hard drive. * Windows: Microsoft Windows 3.1 or later; a 386, 486, or Pentium computer with mouse; ISO 9669 CD-ROM drive; MS CD-ROM extensions 2.11 or better. * Macintosh: Mac 68020 (Mac II series) or better; System 7 or better; CD-ROM drive with Foreign File Access V4.02 or greater and ISO 9660 file access; V5.02 or greater installed in extensions. * UNIX: Reader available for the following platforms: Sun OS, Solaris, HP-UX, AIX, or IRIX. NCJ 164385 Bureau of Justice Statistics Publications Catalog, 1997 30pp, 8/97 This catalog abstracts forthcoming and previously published reports grouped in these categories: BJS overview reports, crimes and victims (including drugs and crime and criminal offenders), and the justice system, including law enforcement, prosecution, courts and sentencing, corrections, expenditure and employment, and criminal record systems. An order form is included. NCJ 164490 Bureau of Justice Statistics Fiscal Year 1997: At a Glance 56pp, 6/97, 2 tables, 2 figures; Maureen Henneberg, Lisa Price-Grear, BJS Highlights new BJS FY 1997 statistical efforts, ongoing programs, and available services and publications. Also describes studies and projects being conducted in partnership with OJP and other Department of Justice agencies, presents findings of major statistical series, lists recent and forthcoming reports, and describes how to obtain BJS products and services electronically or by more traditional means. The report describes data collection programs, illustrates their comprehensive coverage of the justice system, and summarizes programs to help States and localities to develop and use automated information systems, such as the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Implementation project and the National Criminal History Improvement Program. NCJ 162787 Presale Firearm Checks: A National Estimate 6pp, 2/97, Don Manson, BJS, Gene Lauver, Regional Justice Information Service Provides a national estimate of firearms purchasing applications, the number rejected, and the reasons for rejection. The project, conducted by the Regional Justice Information Service (REJIS) of St. Louis, Missouri, is an ongoing data collection effort focusing on the firearms check procedures in each State beginning January 1, 1996. The responses from 44 States summarized in this Bulletin are being used to develop statistics describing implementation of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. NCJ 158900 Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, 1995 U.S. $6.00 postage and handling, Canada $11.00, other $30.00 722pp, 10/96, 654 tables, figures; Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center, BJS award #95-BJ-R-035 Presents a broad spectrum of criminal justice data from more than 100 sources in 6 sections: * characteristics of the criminal justice system * public attitudes toward crime and criminal justice topics * the nature and distribution of known offenses * characteristics and distribution of persons arrested * judicial processing of defendants * persons under correctional supervision. Includes subject index, annotated bibliography, technical appendixes with definitions and methodology, and list of source publishers and their addresses. Also available on the Internet World Wide Web: Http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/ NCJ 160093 Firearm Injury from Crime: Firearms, Crime, and Criminal Justice 7pp, 4/96, 6 tables, 2 figures; Marianne W. Zawitz, BJS This document reports available statistical information from a number of sources on fatal and nonfatal firearm injury that results from crime. Findings include-- * About 3% of the victims of nonfatal gun crime suffered gunshot wounds. * An estimated 57,500 nonfatal gunshot wounds from assaults were treated in hospital emergency departments from June 1992 through May 1993. Over half of these victims were black males; a quarter were black males age 15-24. * The firearm injury rate for police officers declined in the early 1980's and began climbing again after 1987, but has not exceeded the peak reached in 1980-81. Data presented in the report are from several sources including the BJS National Crime Victimization Survey, the FBI's Supplemental Homicide Reports, and the Firearms Injury Surveillance Study sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Included are descriptions of the characteristics of the victims and the circumstances surrounding the crime. Data about the number of law enforcement officers injured by firearms, offender involvement in firearm injury, and the costs of firearm injury are also included. NCJ 155284 Weapons Offenses and Offenders: Firearms, Crime, and Criminal Justice-- Selected Findings 6pp, 10/95, 10 tables, 4 figures; Marianne W. Zawitz, BJS This report presents data on how the criminal and juvenile justice systems deal with weapons offenses (violations of statutes or regulations that control deadly weapons) and offenders from arrest through incarceration. The report uses data from many sources, including the FBI Uniform Crime Reports, the National Center for Juvenile Justice Juvenile Court Statistics, the BJS Pretrial Reporting Program, the BJS National Judicial Reporting Program, the BJS Survey of Inmates of State Correctional Facilities, and the BJS Federal Case Processing Data. The data presented cover Federal, State, and local responses to weapons offenses. This report is the second on Firearms, Crime, and Criminal Justice; the first was Guns Used in Crime. NCJ 154591 Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, 1994 700pp, 10/95, 613 tables, 5+ figures; Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center, BJS award #92-BJ-R-035 Out of print but available on CD-ROM (see page 1) and on the Internet World Wide Web: http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/1994/ NCJ 154875 Future Directions for the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data: Report of the Task Force, 1995 15pp, 8/95 The Bureau of Justice Statistics is developing a comprehensive strategy to address its data dissemination needs for the immediate future. Part of this planning focuses on the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD), which distributes public-use data files for BJS. New capabilities that enhance data access, retrieval, and dissemination capabilities are becoming available. BJS wishes to investigate how these technologies might be utilized to improve the services it provides to users of criminal justice data. To this end, BJS empaneled a Task Force to provide an independent view of its efforts to disseminate data. The Task Force provided comments on how NACJD maintains and disseminates data, processes public use files, selects its holdings, and provides user services. In addition to these findings, this report provides background on the formation of the Task Force, meeting summaries, and a list of participants. NCJ 148201 Guns Used In Crime: Firearms, Crime, and Criminal Justice-- Selected Findings 7pp, 7/95, 7 tables, 1 figure; Marianne W. Zawitz, BJS Since there is no national collection of data about the guns used by criminals, this report provides information from several sources, including the FBI National Crime Information Center's stolen gun file, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms National Tracing Center, the BJS National Crime Victimization Survey, the FBI Uniform Crime Reports, the BJS Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities, other inmate surveys, and special studies of homicides involving guns. The report covers how often guns are used in crime, what categories of firearms are most often used, and what type of guns criminals prefer. This is the first of a series of reports on firearms and crime that will be part of a comprehensive report entitled Firearms, Crime, and Criminal Justice. Includes bibliography. NCJ 145318 Enhancing Capacities and Confronting Controversies in Criminal Justice 169pp, 9/94 These proceedings of the annual BJS/Justice Research and Statistics Association conference in October 1993 offer valuable insights into some of the controversies facing the criminal justice system. Major sessions of the conference included emerging drug policy, prison crowding, gun control, race and sex bias, incarceration, sexual assault, domestic violence, a multi-State examination of police behavior and ethics, and discussions of recent technology and research methodology. NCJ 146844 Firearms and Crimes of Violence: Selected Findings 13pp, 2/94, 5 tables, 12 figures; Marianne W. Zawitz, BJS This report summarizes selected findings on trends in firearm use in serious violent crime, based on FBI data on homicide, BJS data on victimization and inmate firearm use, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data on firearm ownership by high school students. NCJ 145327 National Conference on Criminal Justice Bulletin Board Systems 77pp, 2/94; SEARCH, the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics, BJS award #89-BJ-CX-K009 These proceedings of a BJS-SEARCH conference include presentations by experts on bulletin board systems (BBS's) as a platform for information exchange and technical assistance, uses for regional intelligence sharing, technical issues of operating and maintaining a BBS, legal and policy implications of operating a BBS, and establishing national networks to communicate and coordinate among the numerous criminal justice BBS's now operating. NCJ 143505 Performance Measures for the Criminal Justice System 167pp, 10/93, 3 figures, references, biographies of authors; Princeton University, BJS award #92-BJ-CX-0002 This compendium of Discussion Papers represents the work of the BJS-Princeton University Study Group on Criminal Justice Performance Measures. Papers were prepared for study group review by John J. DiIulio, Jr. (project director) and James Q. Wilson (project adviser), who wrote overview papers. Papers on performance measures of selected components of the criminal justice system were written by Mark H. Moore and Geoffrey P. Alpert, policing; Joan Petersilia, community corrections; George F. Cole, trial courts, prosecution, and public defense; and Charles H. Logan, prisons. Directory of Automated Criminal Justice Information Systems, 1993: Vol. I, Law Enforcement U.S. $5.00 postage and handling, Canada $6.00, other countries $15.00 NCJ 142645, 847pp, 9/93 Vol. II, Corrections, Courts, Probation/Parole, Prosecution U.S. $4.00 postage and handling, Canada $6.00, other countries $13.00 NCJ 142646, 631pp, 9/93 This directory is a resource guide for criminal justice agencies selecting an automated information management system. It provides data describing each agency and each system as well as agency indexes and system indexes. Agencies can match their identified needs for an information system with the needs met at agencies that responded to the survey. A contact person and telephone number for each responding agency are provided. Also in the directory are responses from computer software and hardware developers and vendors. Indexes provide easy access to the data. NCJ 105506 Report to the Nation on Crime and Justice 134pp, 6/88; Marianne W. Zawitz, Editor, BJS This four-color publication presents national data on crime and the criminal justice system in a graphics format geared to a nontechnical audience. It gives an overview of crime, including types of crime and trends. It profiles victims of crime and offenders and presents an overview of criminal justice at the Federal, State, and local levels of government, including prosecution of juveniles and adults, sentencing and sanctions, correctional facilities, and the costs associated with operating the criminal justice system. CRIMES AND VICTIMS NCJ 165811 Perceptions of Neighborhood Crime, 1995 Forthcoming, Carol J. DeFrances and Steven K. Smith, BJS This report presents data from the American Housing Survey and the NCVS to examine neighborhood crime perceptions and corresponding rates of criminal victimization for the Nation's households. The results show that perceptions of neighborhood crime vary by race, residential location, housing tenure and type of housing structure and generally reflect actual crime victimizations as recorded by NCVS. NCJ 165477 Economic Costs of Crime To Victims, 1995 Forthcoming; Patsy A. Klaus, BJS Presents 1995 data from the redesigned National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) concerning direct economic costs to victims of the crimes of rape/sexual assault, robbery, aggravated and simple assault, purse snatching/pocket picking, household burglary, property theft and motor vehicle theft. These costs include loss from property theft or damage, cash losses, medical expenses, and amount of pay lost because of injury or activities related to the crime. Data are provided on the percentage of crimes in which property was recovered, the percentage of victims who had health insurance or public assistance for paying medical costs and the percentage of victims who lost time from work as a result of the crime. This report is the first that uses the redesigned NCVS to estimate economic costs to victims. NCJ 162031 Age Patterns of Victims of Serious Violent Crimes 9pp, forthcoming; Craig A. Perkins, BJS This Special Report presents data from the redesigned NCVS that examines violent crime across the general population, ages 12 or older. It compares teenagers and young adults to older persons and presents the high victimization rates of young people in the United States. The report emphasizes graphical presentations for victimization data about the violent crimes of rape, robbery, and aggravated assault (from the NCVS) and homicide (from crimes reported to police). Differences in levels of violence by race and sex are explored. The report covers 1992 through 1994. NCJ 164508 Sex Differences in Violent Victimization 18pp, forthcoming, 10 tables, 1 figure; Diane Craven, Ph.D., BJS Uses 1994 data from the NCVS to examine similarities and differences in the magnitude and pattern of violent victimization characterized by the sex of the victim. Sections of the report contain detailed information about specific violent crime types and contextual characteristics of violence against both women and men and their relationship to those who victimize them. Data include series crimes, multiple-offender versus lone-offender crimes, demographics, crime reporting behavior, injuries, and weapon use. A methodology section is provided. NCJ 156921 Violence-Related Injuries Treated in Hospital Emergency Departments 9pp, 8/97; Michael R. Rand, BJS Presents findings from a study of violence related injuries treated in hospital emergency departments in 1994. The study was conducted using the Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) program. Existing estimates of difficult-to-measure violence such as domestic violence vary greatly, mostly because of differences in data collection methods and lack of consensus on the behaviors defining the violence being measured. In an effort to improve estimates of serious violence, including domestic violence and sexual assault, BJS implemented this study to collect data on violence related injuries. Conducted at a sample of the Nation's hospitals to estimate product-related injuries, NEISS was modified to obtain data on characteristics of persons treated for intentionally inflicted injuries, characteristics of those causing the injury and circumstances of injury incidents. The study found that 1.4 million persons were treated in hospital emergency departments in 1994 for injuries inflicted in confirmed or suspected interpersonal violence. Of these, 243,000 were inflicted by someone with whom the victim had an intimate relationship (spouse, ex-spouse, or current or former boyfriend or girlfriend), an estimate 4 times higher than the equivalent estimate from the National Crime Victimization Survey. NCJ 162126 Criminal Victimization in the United States, 1994 150pp, 6/97, 118 tables, table index Reports final 1994 data for the NCVS, presenting the major variables measured in the survey in 118 detailed data tables covering crimes of violence (rape, sexual assault, robbery, assault) and theft (pocket picking, purse snatching, burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft). The BJS Internet site (http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/) has tables from the report, covering victim characteristics (sex, age, race, ethnicity, marital status, education, income, and residence); crime characteristics (time and place of occurrence, distance from home, weapon use, self-protection, injury, medical care, economic loss, and time lost from work); victim-offender relationship; substance use by offenders; offender characteristics (age, race, and sex); whether crimes were reported to police; reasons for reporting or not; and police response time for reported crime. NCJ 163069 Criminal Victimization, 1973-95 8pp, 5/97, 1 table, 8 figures; Michael R. Rand, BJS; James P. Lynch, American University; David Cantor, Westat Presents trend data for 1973-95 from the NCVS, including data collected both before and after a substantial methodological redesign that was implemented in 1992. Data collected prior to 1992 have been adjusted for this report to take into account methodological improvements introduced in the survey redesign. The report describes the overall trends for the NCVS-measured crimes of rape, robbery, aggravated and simple assault, household burglary, theft and motor vehicle theft, as well as for homicide as measured by the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports. It includes a description of the method used to adjust the NCVS data collected before 1992 as well as the underlying assumptions and limitations of the adjustment method. NCJ 164381 Effects of the Redesign on Victimization Estimates 7pp, 5/97, 3 tables, 1 figure; Charles R. Kindermann, BJS; James P. Lynch, American University; David Cantor, Westat Compares the effect on victimization rates of old and new methodology used in the NCVS, a major source of national statistics on crimes and victims. In the mid-1970's the National Academy of Sciences reviewed the NCVS and identified possible improvements in survey methodology and scope. BJS then sponsored a research consortium with several agencies, including the Bureau of the Census, to investigate the issues raised and began a collaborative survey redesign effort in the late 1970's to improve the survey's accuracy and utility. From January 1992 through June 1993 half the sample was surveyed with the new method and half with the old to measure the effect on victimization rates. NCJ 162032 Changes in Criminal Victimization 1994-95 12pp, 4/97, 15 tables, 1 figure; Bruce A. Taylor, BJS This BJS Bulletin replaces Criminal Victimization 1995. It presents the 1995 findings from the NCVS, an ongoing survey of households that each year interviews about 100,000 persons in 50,000 households. Violent crimes included in the report are rape/sexual assault, robbery, and both aggravated and simple assault (from the NCVS), and homicide (from crimes reported to the police). Property crimes include burglaries, motor vehicle thefts, and thefts of other property. This report also summarizes other findings, including the characteristics of victims, and compares 1995 victimization rates and those of earlier years, primarily 1994. The findings are based on a redesigned NCVS that was phased in beginning in 1992. NCJ 162602 Female Victims of Violent Crime: Selected Findings 4pp, 12/96; Diane Craven, BJS Includes 1992-94 data for rape/sexual assault, robbery, and assault from the redesigned NCVS, victimization trend data for 1973-94 adjusted for the redesign, and homicide data from the 1994 FBI Uniform Crime Reports. Summarizes recently published data on both fatal and nonfatal violence between intimates (present or former husband, wife, boyfriend, or girlfriend) as opposed to relatives, friends/acquaintances, and strangers. Highlights include: * In 1994, women were about two-thirds as likely as men to be victims of violence; 20 years ago, they were half as likely. * In 1994 females represented 21% of all known homicide victims in the United States. * Males killed 9 out of 10 female murder victims. NCJ 161405 Domestic and Sexual Violence Data Collection: A Report to Congress under the Violence Against Women Act 84pp, 7/96, 3 tables; Justice Research and Statistics Association, NIJ award #95-IJ-CX-0010 This Research Report, supported by the National Institute of Justice and the Bureau of Justice Statistics, examines how States and the Federal Government collect data on the incidence of sexual and domestic violence. The report identifies ways that States could centralize data collection and examines problems of Federal statistical recordkeeping for domestic violence-related criminal complaints. A panel of experts on domestic and sexual violence and a survey of the States provided information. The most significant finding was that the Federal Government and a majority of States (35 for domestic violence, 30 for sexual violence) gather annual statistics on these crimes, although issues of accuracy and completeness of coverage were identified. Improving reporting and obtaining more comprehensive statistics will require both organizational and technical coordination and cooperation at all levels of government. As mandated by Congress in the Violence Against Women Act of 1994, the report represents an important first step in analyzing what needs to be done to ensure collection of reliable statistics on the extent and nature of violent crimes committed against women. NCJ 151657 Criminal Victimization in the United States, 1993 150pp, 5/96, 130 tables, graphs; Craig A. Perkins, Lisa D. Bastian, Robyn L. Cohen, Patsy A. Klaus, BJS This annual final report gives detailed 1993 NCVS findings, presenting the major variables measured in the survey in detailed data tables. Crimes covered by the survey include rape/sexual assault, robbery, assault, personal and household larceny, household burglary, and motor vehicle theft. Tables cover victim characteristics (sex, age, race, ethnicity, marital status, education, income, and residence); crime characteristics (time and place of occurrence, distance from home, weapon use, self-protection, injury, medical care, economic loss, and time lost from work); victim-offender relationship; substance use by offenders; offender characteristics (age, race, and sex); whether crimes were reported to police; reasons for reporting or not; and police response time for reported crime. Includes a new section on the background, technical information, and chronology of the NCVS redesign, for which 1993 was the first year of published data. NCJ 158022 Criminal Victimization 1994 6pp, 4/96, 8 tables; Craig A. Perkins, Patsy A. Klaus, BJS This annual BJS Bulletin presents the first 1994 findings from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), based on an ongoing survey of households, each year interviewing about 100,000 persons in 50,000 households. In 1994, U.S. residents age 12 or older experienced more than 42 million crimes: about 11 million violent victimizations and 31 million property crimes. Violent crimes included in the report are rape/sexual assault, robbery, and both aggravated and simple assault (from the NCVS), and homicide (from crimes reported to police). Property crimes include burglaries, motor vehicle thefts, and thefts of other property. This report also summarizes other findings, including the extent to which crimes are reported to the police, the characteristics of victims, and comparisons between 1993 and 1994 victimization rates and levels. Both 1993 and 1994 findings are based on the redesigned survey that was phased into the sample beginning in 1992. NCJ 154348 Violence Against Women: Estimates from the Redesigned Survey 9pp, 8/95, 11 tables; Ronet Bachman, BJS, and Linda E. Saltzman, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention This BJS Special Report is the first release of the 1992-93 estimates of violence against women after an extended effort to improve the victimization survey's ability to measure violence against women. The survey now asks more explicit and direct questions about sexual assaults and other victimizations perpetrated by known offenders. Data include the annual number of violent victimizations, rapes, and sexual assaults against women; the number perpetrated by intimates (including husbands, ex-husbands, boyfriends, and ex-boyfriends); rates for violence by intimates for women versus rates for men; rates for violence and sexual assaults by strangers; age and family income of female victims of violence; and rates of injury. NCJ 147004 Young Black Male Victims: BJS Crime Data Brief 2pp, 12/94, 2 tables, 1 figure; Lisa D. Bastian, Bruce M. Taylor, BJS This report, part of the BJS Crime Data Brief series, designed to present information about topics of current interest in condensed form, discusses black male crime victims ages 12 to 24. It reports the extent and characteristics of their victimization, such as weapon use, injury, and offender characteristics, and summarizes data about the reporting of crimes to police by this age group. NCJ 149259 Violence between Intimates: Domestic Violence 8pp, 11/94, 5 tables, 2 figures; Marianne W. Zawitz, BJS This report of selected findings examines murders, rapes, robberies, and assaults committed by spouses, ex-spouses, boyfriends, or girlfriends. It uses data from the BJS National Crime Victimization Survey, the BJS survey of murder cases disposed in large urban counties in 1988, and the FBI Supplemental Homicide Report from the Uniform Crime Reports program. Data on violent offenders were collected in the 1991 Survey of State Prison Inmates and the 1989 Survey of Jail Inmates. The findings show that females experienced more than 10 times as many incidents of violence committed by an intimate than did males--572,000 versus 49,000. NCJ 151169 National Crime Victimization Survey Redesign, 1993 Data 5pp, 10/94, 1 table On October 30, 1994, the first data for 1993 from the NCVS were published in a press release. The release provides basic findings, comparing levels and rates of crime in 1993 versus 1992. In general, rates were unchanged. NCJ 151170 NCVS Redesign 2pp, 10/94 This fact sheet summarizes the redesign program. The NCVS, which counts incidents both reported and not reported to the police, relies on victims' accounts to provide a detailed picture of crime incidents and trends. Data are collected throughout the year from a sample of about 50,000 households with more than 100,000 persons age 12 or over. The redesign includes new questions and improves the technology and survey methods used in the questionnaire. Survey changes substantially increase the number of rapes and aggravated and simple assaults reported to interviewers. For the first time, NCVS measures non-rape sexual assault and unwanted or coerced sexual contact involving a threat or attempt to harm. NCJ 147006 Criminal Victimization in the United States: 1973-92 Trends 136pp, 8/94, 49 tables, 9 figures; Lisa D. Bastian, BJS This current issue of a report published every other year shows trends from 1973 to 1992 in victimization rates for selected major crimes based on demographic characteristics of the victims and trends in victimizations that were reported to the police. It focuses on certain personal and household crimes, whether completed or attempted. The personal crimes consist of rape (female cases only), robbery, assault, and larceny; the household crimes include burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. A series of charts indicate significant trends by major crime categories. This report shows comparisons between a victimization rate for a particular crime in one year and the following rate in another year. NCJ 148199 Violence and Theft in the Workplace: BJS Crime Data Brief 2pp, 7/94, 4 tables, 1 figure; Ronet Bachman, BJS This report profiles victims of workplace crime and discusses the extent to which workplace violence occurs, and the extent of injury and time lost from work as a result of these crimes. NCJ 147001 Child Rape Victims, 1992: BJS Crime Data Brief 2pp, 6/94, 2 tables; Patrick A. Langan, Caroline Wolf Harlow, BJS This data brief provides information on the ages of female rape victims. BJS obtained the data from States that currently compile such detailed victim information. The data pertain to rapes reported to police in 1992. NCJ 147005 Crime and Neighborhoods: BJS Crime Data Brief 2pp, 6/94, 4 tables, 3 figures; Carol J. DeFrances, Steven K. Smith, BJS This brief uses data from a variety of sources to compare victimization levels and perceptions of neighborhood crime for the Nation's households. It also compares racial and residential subgroups in the population over a number of years. NCJ 147003 Guns and Crime: Handgun Victimization, Firearm Self-Defense, and Firearm Theft-- BJS Crime Data Brief 2pp, 4/94, 5 tables, 1 figure; Michael R. Rand, BJS This report provides estimates of the extent of handgun crime in the United States through 1992, as well as the first estimates from the National Crime Victimization Survey of thefts of firearms and the extent of firearm use for self-defense. Using data from 1987 through 1992, the report compares the handgun victimization experience of the various age, race, and sex subgroups of the Nation's population and examines the consequences of such victimization. The report also discusses the consequences and outcomes of crimes in which victims used firearms for self-defense. NCJ 147486 Violent Crime: Selected Findings 4pp, 4/94, 2 tables, 4 figures These selected findings summarize 1973-92 trends in rape, robbery, and assault from the BJS National Crime Victimization Survey; homicide data from Vital Statistics of the United States, National Center for Health Statistics; and 1992 murder data from the FBI Uniform Crime Reports. It points out the increasing victimization rates for ages 12 to 24 and summarizes patterns of weapon use, injury, hospitalization, self-protection by victims, economic costs, offender characteristics, reporting to police, and differing rates of victimization by sex and race. NCJ 147186 Elderly Crime Victims: Selected Findings 4pp, 3/94, 6 tables, 6 figures This report uses data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to summarize levels and rates of violent and nonviolent crimes against persons 65 or older. These crimes are rape, robbery, assault, larceny, household burglary, household larceny, and motor vehicle theft. It also includes 1973-92 trends and data on offender weapon use; self-protective measures by victims; victim injury and treatment; stranger versus nonstranger crime; place of occurrence; and victims' income, marital status, and residence in urban, rural, or suburban area. Crime rates for the elderly are compared with those of other age groups by race and sex. NCJ 147002 Carjacking: BJS Crime Data Brief 2pp, 3/94, 1 table, 2 figures; Michael R. Rand, BJS This report presents the first NCVS estimates of the extent and characteristics of the recently identified crime of carjacking. The report uses NCVS data aggregated for 1987-92 to examine the number of completed and attempted carjackings that occurred, the extent of injury and financial loss, use of weapons in committing crimes, time and place of occurrence, and the age, race, and sex of victims and offenders. NCJ 145865 The Costs of Crime to Victims 2pp, 2/94, 6 tables, 1 figure; Patsy A. Klaus, BJS This crime data brief provides information on both the overall and the average cost of crime to victims. It also provides selected data on crime costs for different demographic groups in the U.S. population, by such variables as age, sex, and race. NCJ 144525 Highlights from 20 Years of Surveying Crime Victims: The National Crime Victimization Survey, 1973-92 47pp, 10/93, 18 tables, 30 figures; Marianne W. Zawitz, Patsy A. Klaus, Ronet Bachman, Lisa D. Bastian, Marshall M. DeBerry, Jr., Michael R. Rand, Bruce M. Taylor, BJS This document reports 20 years of highlights from the NCVS, the second largest Federal household survey. The 1967 President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice found: "one of the most neglected subjects in the study of crime is its victims. . ." As a result of the commission's work, the Department of Justice began the survey in 1973. Since then more than 4.4 million interviews have been conducted. This report contains many findings that the 1967 commission called for, including those on unreported crime, crime trends, crime victim characteristics, relationship between victim and offender, and interracial crime. Presented in a nontechnical format, the report also includes a description of NCVS, its history and recent redesign, an NCVS publication bibliography, and a selected bibliography. NCJ 148140 Color Slides from "Highlights from 20 Years of Surveying Crime Victims: The National Crime Victimization Survey, 1973-92" U.S. $25.00, Canada $50.00, other $50.00 (call 800-732-3277 to order) Includes 39 slides of figures from the Highlights report, 5 bonus slides of homicide graphs from Vital Statistics of the United States, paper copies of the figures for making overheads, the data tables on which the graphics are based, the Highlights report, and a list of slides keyed to report page numbers, all in a three-ring binder. The slides answer these questions: How much crime occurs? What are the trends in crime? Who are the victims of crime? How much crime occurs in schools? To what extent are weapons involved in crime? Are most crimes reported to the police? DRUGS AND CRIME NCJ 160043 Drug Data Summary 6pp, 7/96; Drug Policy Information Clearinghouse of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy This Fact Sheet summarizes current statistics on drug-related law enforcement, court processing of drug offenders, drug use, drug production, and drug control spending. NCJ 160044 Drug Use Trends 6pp, 7/96, 8 tables, 5 figures; Drug Policy Information Clearinghouse of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy This Fact Sheet summarizes trends in drug use by criminal offenders, the general population, students, and active military personnel, as surveyed by the U.S. Department of Justice, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the U.S. Department of Defense. NCJ 154043 Drugs and Crime Facts, 1994 35pp, 6/95, 11 tables; Drug Policy Information Clearinghouse of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy This booklet summarizes drug data published by BJS in 1994, supplemented with other data of interest to the criminal justice community. Topics covered include drug-related crime; drug use by offenders at the time of offense; drug law enforcement; pretrial release of drug defendants; prosecution and sentencing of drug offenders in both Federal and State courts; recidivism of drug law violators; public opinion about drugs; drugs and juveniles; drugs and gangs; and drug use in the general population. Information about the Office of National Drug Control Policy's Drugs & Crime Clearinghouse (800-666-3332) is also included. NCJ 147709 State Drug Resources: 1994 National Directory 140pp, 10/94 This biennial directory is a comprehensive guide to State agencies that address drug abuse concerns. Organized by State, the directory gives agency names, addresses, and telephone numbers. Also included are listings of Federal agencies that people frequently contact for information as well as references for State agencies listed by area of specialty. NCJ 149286 Drug-Related Crime 6pp, 8/94, 3 tables, 1 figure This Fact Sheet describes the various ways in which drugs and crime can be related and presents available statistics on drugs and crime from BJS and non-BJS sources. It discusses the methodological difficulties of estimating comprehensively the amount of crime that is related to drugs. NCJ 133652 Drugs, Crime, and the Justice System 224pp, 5/93; Marianne W. Zawitz, Editor, BJS Discusses the link between drugs and crime, the extent of drug use, illicit drug trafficking, the history of domestic drug control, public opinion, drug testing, drug policy, and other aspects of the Nation's drug problem. Contains many statistics and research findings from Federal, State, and private sources, including Federal agencies such as the U.S. Departments of Health and Human Services, State, and Treasury; the Drug Enforcement Administration; the FBI; the U.S. Marshals Service; and the Bureau of Prisons. Looks beyond enforcement and corrections, examining the justice system's role as an integral part of education, prevention, and treatment. Uses a nontechnical news-magazine format, with color graphics and maps designed to inform the general public as well as policymakers, the news media, criminal justice practitioners, drug treatment providers, educators, and students. NCJ 139578 Drugs, Crime, and the Justice System: Technical Appendix 86pp, 6/93 Provides documentation for Drugs, Crime, and the Justice System. Includes source notes and data for all the statistical graphics contained in the full report. CRIMINAL OFFENDERS NCJ 164620 Profile of Jail Inmates, 1995-96 16pp, forthcoming; Caroline W. Harlow, BJS This study presents data about local jail inmates: their offenses, conviction status, criminal histories, sentences, time served, drug and alcohol use, background and families, health, including HIV/AIDS infection, gun use and possession, and conditions of confinement. Compiled from indepth interviews with a nationally representative sample of over 6,000 local jail inmates in 431 local jails, this is the most comprehensive study to date of local jail inmate characteristics. NCJ 158625 Child Victimizers: Violent Offenders and Their Victims--Executive Summary 4pp, 3/96 Highlights and an order form for the report below. NCJ 153258 Child Victimizers: Violent Offenders and Their Victims 28pp, 3/96, 20 tables, 10 figures; Lawrence A. Greenfeld, BJS Addressing the mandate of the National Child Protection Act of 1994, which called for a study of offenders who committed crimes against children, this study found-- * 1 in 5 violent State prisoners (about 61,000 offenders) reported a victim under age 18 * older violent inmates were substantially more likely than younger inmates to have victimized a child * inmates reported that when a child under age 12 was the victim of violence, in nearly 8 out of 10 cases the offender reported that the victim had been raped or sexually assaulted. The study uses data from the 1991 BJS Survey of State Prison Inmates and the FBI's 1992 Supplementary Homicide Report, which includes data on child murder victims (nearly 3,000 in 1992) and offenders who murdered children. The 1991 inmate survey is based on personal hour-long interviews with a nationally representative sample of 14,000 prisoners in about 300 State prisons. The report describes the sociodemographic data on these offenders, the physical or sexual abuse they may have experienced, their current offense, their criminal history backgrounds (including prior offenses against children), and their use of drugs or alcohol at the time of the offense. For child victims of adult offenders, the study includes their sociodemographic backgrounds, the victim-offender relationship, and the consequences to the victim, such as injuries and weapon use by the offender. NCJ 145864 Comparing Federal and State Prison Inmates, 1991 35pp, 10/94, 30 tables; Caroline Wolf Harlow, BJS Findings from the survey of Federal inmates, sponsored for the first time by the Bureau of Prisons, are compared with those from the 1991 BJS survey of State prisoners. Presents demographic, familial, and criminal justice characteristics of the two incarcerated populations: employment and income before prison, physical or sexual abuse during childhood, weapon use during the current crime, and recidivism. Numerical tables summarize the inmates' reported drug and alcohol use before their offense and the drug or alcohol therapy they had received. A special section from the Federal survey describes prison programs and conditions. NCJ 145863 Profile of Inmates in the United States and in England and Wales, 1991 24pp, 10/94; James P. Lynch, Steven K. Smith, Helen A. Graziadei, Tanutda Pittayathikhun, BJS This report compares findings from the 1991 prison inmate survey in England and Wales with data from the BJS surveys of inmates in local jails and in State prisons and the U.S. Bureau of Prisons survey of Federal prisoners. The report presents comparative tables on the demographic characteristics of offenders, their offenses, and their sentence lengths. NCJ 145321 Women in Prison 11pp, 3/94, 18 tables; Tracy L. Snell, BJS This BJS Special Report examines demographic characteristics, current offenses, criminal histories, and the victims of violent female inmates from the 1991 BJS survey of State prison inmates. In 1991, 38,796 women were incarcerated, nearly twice the 19,812 from the 1986 survey. Presented in addition are the women's family background, children, drug and alcohol use, prior physical and sexual abuse, and health issues. NCJ 136949 Survey of State Prison Inmates, 1991 34pp, 5/93, 64 tables and figures; Allen J. Beck, Darrell Gilliard, Lawrence A. Greenfeld, Caroline Harlow, Thomas Hester, Louis Jankowski, Tracy Snell, James Stephan, Danielle Morton, BJS Presents data about State prison inmates: their background and families, recidivism, gang membership, drug and alcohol use, HIV/AIDS infection, gun use and possession, sentence, time served, and participation in prison programs. Also presents data on victims of violent inmates. Compiled from indepth interviews with a nationally representative sample of almost 14,000 State prisoners in 277 facilities in 45 States, this is the most comprehensive study to date of State prison inmate characteristics. THE JUSTICE SYSTEM LAW ENFORCEMENT NCJ 164618 Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies, 1996 10pp, forthcoming; Brian A. Reaves, Andrew L. Goldberg, BJS This BJS Bulletin reports on a census conducted for the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics program that provides the number of employees of the Nation's State and local law enforcement agencies. State-by-State data on the number of agencies and employees are presented for sheriffs' departments, local police, State police, and special police. NCJ 164617 Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 1996 8pp, forthcoming, 4 tables, 1 figure; Brian A. Reaves, BJS Based on a census of Federal agencies, this BJS Bulletin provides national data on Federal officers with arrest and firearms authority for June 1996. Using agency classifications, the report presents the number of officers working in the areas of criminal investigation and enforcement, police patrol and response, security and protection, court operations, and corrections, by agency and State. NCJ 165040 Police Use of Force: Collection of National Data 38pp, forthcoming, Lawrence A. Greenfeld, Patrick A. Langan, Steven K. Smith, BJS, with assistance from Robert J. Kaminski, NIJ Reports on two data collection efforts: * the Police-Public Contact Survey supplement to the BJS National Crime Victimization Survey, which gives the results of more than 6,000 interviews with U.S. residents age 12 or older representative of the U.S. population as a whole. The survey reports that about 21% of residents 12 or older (about 44.6 million) had at least one face-to-face encounter with a police officer in 1996. Of these, an estimated half million were threatened with use of force or had force used against them by police. * recruitment of agencies to contribute to the database on police use of force established by NIJ and BJS with the International Association of Chiefs of Police. NCJ 165581 Implementing the National Incident-Based Reporting System: A Project Status Report 15pp, 7/97, SEARCH: The National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics, BJS award #95-BJ-CX-K021 Presents the recommendations developed during a project directed jointly by BJS and the FBI to identify 1) significant impediments to participation in the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) by large local law enforcement agencies nationwide and 2) promising and cost-effective approaches to encourage wider adoption of NIBRS. These recommendations were developed in the course of completing five tasks: * surveyed each State agency that collects and reports Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) data to the FBI and produced detailed profiles of the NIBRS implementation status of all 50 States and the District of Columbia * surveyed vendors to collect data about the capabilities of their IBR-compatible software systems to produce NIBRS vendor profiles * surveyed key technical staff in the 64 largest police and sheriffs' departments, serving jurisdictions of more than 300,000 population, to assess their technical capacity to meet national NIBRS standards * convened five regional focus groups in October 1996 at which key policy representatives of the 64 large agencies (from 28 States and D.C.) discussed experiences and exchanged views *contracted with a cost analyst to create a defensible protocol to estimate the cost of implementing NIBRS in local agencies and States. The recommendations were reviewed by the project steering committee and the UCR subcommittee of the FBI's Criminal Justice Information Services Advisory Policy Board (CJIS APB) and then were endorsed unanimously in December 1996 by the full CJIS APB. NCJ 161137 Campus Law Enforcement Agencies, 1995 40pp, 12/96, Brian A. Reaves, Andrew L. Goldberg, BJS This report, based on a new BJS survey, presents data collected from several hundred campus law enforcement agencies nationwide. The functions, personnel, operations, equipment, computers, information systems, expenditures, salaries, programs, and policies of campus police and security agencies are covered in detail. Data describing campus characteristics, including crime statistics, are also included. NCJ 160113 National Data Collection on Police Use of Force 100pp, 8/96; Institute for Law and Justice, BJS award #OJP-94-C-008. This discussion paper, published jointly with the National Institute of Justice, summarizes prior research on police use of force and lists the difficulties inherent in collecting use-of-force data, including definitional problems, reluctance of police agencies to provide reliable data, concerns about the misapplication of reported data, and the degree of detail needed on individual incidents. It also discusses alternative approaches to data collection and sources of data, including official records, surveys of police, and surveys of citizens. The paper concludes that it will be some time before a national reporting program is implemented. In the meantime two pilot programs are collecting data on use of force: an expansion of the BJS National Crime Victimization Survey to include questions about use of force and a grant to the International Association of Chiefs of Police for the first phase of a four-phase program to establish a national database to collect incident reports on use of force from police departments. NCJ 148823 Sheriffs' Departments, 1993 24pp, 6/96, 39 tables, 9 figures; Brian A. Reaves, BJS Based on the 1993 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) survey, this report presents data collected from a representative sample of the nearly 3,100 sheriffs' departments operating nationwide. Tables describe the number and size of agencies, job classification of personnel, race and sex of sworn personnel, agency functions, 911 system, lockup facilities, operating expenditures, starting salaries, special pay, education and training requirements, sidearms, nonlethal weapons, body armor policies, vehicle use policies, computers, special units, written policy directives, and complaint review processes. NCJ 148822 Local Police Departments, 1993 22pp, 4/96, 39 tables, 7 figures; Brian A. Reaves, BJS Based on the 1993 LEMAS survey, this report presents data collected from a representative sample of the more than 12,000 general-purpose local police departments nationwide. Tables describe the number and size of agencies, job classification of personnel, race and sex of sworn personnel, agency functions, 911 system, lockup facilities, operating expenditures, starting salaries, special pay, education and training requirements, sidearms, nonlethal weapons, body armor policies, vehicle use policies, computers, and written policy directives. NCJ 148825 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics, 1993: Data for Individual State and Local Agencies with 100 or More Officers 296pp, 9/95, 24 tables; Brian A. Reaves, Pheny Z. Smith, BJS Compiled from the 1993 LEMAS survey, this report presents agency-specific data collected from 661 State and local agencies that employed 100 or more sworn officers. The tables present data reported by each agency on the number and function of sworn and civilian personnel, race and sex of sworn personnel, agency functions, type of 911 system, lockup facilities, operating expenditures, starting salaries, types of special pay, number and types of vehicles, vehicle use policies, educational and training requirements, types of sidearms and nonlethal weapons authorized, automated fingerprint identification system (AFIS) facilities, types of computers and their functions, types of special units, subject areas covered by written policy directives, complaint review processes, drug enforcement activities, and employee drug testing policies. NCJ 151166 Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 1993 8pp, 12/94, 4 tables, 1 figure; Brian A. Reaves, BJS Based on a census of Federal agencies, this BJS Bulletin provides national data on Federal officers with arrest and firearms authority for December 1993. Using agency classifications, the report presents the number of officers working in the areas of criminal investigation and enforcement, police patrol and response, security and protection, court operations, and corrections, by agency and State. NCJ 145860 Demonstrating the Operational Utility of Incident-Based Data for Local Crime Analysis: Reporting Systems in Tacoma, Wash., and New Bedford, Mass. 36pp, 6/94, 18 tables, 9 figures; David J. Roberts, Seth F. Jacobs, SEARCH, BJS award #90-BJ-CX-K005 This report points out the advantages of the IBRS (Incident-Based Reporting System) program for practical crime analysis by local law enforcement units. It includes results of a nationwide survey of a representative sample of police departments on the existence, activities, training needs, products, and data sources of their crime analysis units. It also describes how two cities, under a demonstration project funded by BJS, used incident-based data to address specific crime problems. NCJ 144785 Using NIBRS Data to Analyze Violent Crime 17pp, 10/93, 20 tables; Brian A. Reaves, BJS Based on 1991 data provided by three States for the initial reporting year of the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), this BJS Technical Report compares the NIBRS with the traditional FBI Uniform Crime Reports, discusses ways to make the NIBRS data file more suitable for analysis, and describes various NIBRS data elements and their reporting levels. The report includes tables based on analyses of rape and personal robbery incidents that illustrate the types of findings NIBRS data may provide as participation in the system grows. Data presented include the victim-offender relationship, type of location of the incident, type of weapon used, type of injury sustained by the victim, and sex, age, and race of offender and victim. NCJ 142972 Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies, 1992 10pp, 7/93, 9 tables; Brian A. Reaves, BJS This BJS Bulletin reports on a census conducted for the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics program that provides the number of employees of the Nation's State and local law enforcement agencies. In 1992 more than 17,000 agencies employed about 604,000 full-time sworn officers with general arrest powers and 237,000 nonsworn civilians. PROSECUTION NCJ 164265 Juveniles Prosecuted in State Criminal Courts: National Survey of Prosecutors, 1994 7pp, 3/97, 6 tables, 3 figures; Carol J. DeFrances, Kevin J. Strom, BJS This report, sponsored jointly with the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, presents selected findings from the 1994 BJS National Survey of Prosecutors and other BJS statistical series, as well as data collected by the National Center for Juvenile Justice on juveniles proceeded against in State criminal courts. Among prosecutors' offices handling juvenile cases, almost two-thirds reported transferring at least one juvenile case to criminal court in 1994. Sixteen percent of the prosecutors' offices handling juvenile cases had written guidelines about the transfer of juveniles to criminal court. National data on juvenile cases judicially waived to criminal court show that the percentage of cases waived has remained relatively constant at about 1.4% since 1985. In 1994, 12,300 juvenile cases were judicially waived. NCJ 151656 Prosecutors in State Courts, 1994 8pp, 10/96, 10 tables; Carol J. DeFrances, Steven K. Smith, Louise van der Does, BJS This Bulletin presents findings from the 1994 National Survey of Prosecutors, the most recent in a series of biennial sample surveys of the Nation's 2,300 State court prosecutors. The survey found that in 1994, State court prosecutors employed about 65,000 attorneys, investigators, and support staff. Almost 90% of the offices prosecuted domestic violence and child abuse cases. Half the offices reported that a staff member received a work-related threat or assault. More than half the offices in large metropolitan areas had specialized units to handle juvenile cases in adult criminal court. Other data from the survey include the annual office budget for prosecutorial functions, number of felony cases closed, and number of felony convictions. New topic areas covered in this report include juvenile cases waived to criminal court, the cross-designation of prosecutors to litigate in Federal court, procedures for handling civil actions against prosecutors and other professional staff, and types of community involvement by prosecutors. NCJ 145319 Prosecutors in State Courts, 1992 8pp, 12/93, 11 tables; John Dawson, Steven K. Smith, Carol J. DeFrances, BJS This BJS Bulletin presents findings from the 1992 National Prosecutor Survey Program, a series of biennial sample surveys of State court prosecutors. Data from the survey include the number of employees, median annual office budget for prosecution, median size of total office staff, median number of felony cases closed, average cost to taxpayers per felony case, and median number of felony convictions. The report also includes data on use of innovative prosecution techniques, intermediate sanctions, plea bargaining, and work-related assaults and threats. Personal protective efforts are also addressed; for example, in 27% of prosecutors' offices, at least one prosecuting attorney carried a firearm for protection. NCJ 142524 Prosecuting Criminal Enterprises: Federal Offenses and Offenders 7pp, 11/93, 11 tables; Kenneth Carlson, Peter Finn, Abt Associates Inc., BJS award #91-BJ-CX-K025 This report focuses on prosecutions under the Federal racketeering and continuing criminal enterprise statutes. It is part of the series of BJS Special Reports describing activity in the Federal criminal justice system. Data describe the number of persons prosecuted and compare rates of prosecution, conviction, and incarceration for offenders tried under these statutes with rates for offenders who committed similar offenses but were tried under other Federal criminal statutes. NCJ 143502 Local Prosecution of Organized Crime: The Use of State RICO Statutes 30pp, 10/93, 1 table, 3 figures; Donald J. Rebovich, Kenneth R. Coyle, John C. Schaaf, American Prosecutors Research Institute, BJS award #91-BJ-CXK-034 This BJS Discussion Paper combines the quantitative results of a mail survey sent to local prosecutors with the qualitative results of a followup telephone interview. After giving a brief history of Federal and State Racketeer-Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) legislation, the paper discusses how widely local prosecutors use RICO, why some prosecutors do not use the statute, and what can be done to improve the State RICO laws. Although other studies have been done on Federal and State civil RICO prosecutions, this is the first study of RICO use in criminal cases at the local level. COURTS AND SENTENCING NCJ 165810 Federal Tort Trials and Verdicts, 1994-95 Forthcoming, Andrew H. Press and Carol J. DeFrances, BJS Presents findings from the 1994 and 1995 Administrative Office of the United States Courts civil data file. This report examines tort cases disposed of in United States District Courts by trial. Information is presented on characteristics of tort cases, the plaintiffs and defendants, and amount of monetary damages awarded. NCJ 164259 Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, 1995 177pp, forthcoming; Urban Institute, BJS award #95-BJ-CX-K001 Includes national and district-level statistics describing all aspects of processing in the Federal criminal justice system, including investigations by U.S. attorneys, prosecutions and declinations, pretrial release and detention, convictions and acquittals, sentencing, appeals, and corrections for 1995. Tenth in the annual series that began in the mid-1980's, this report also describes trends in the Federal criminal justice system. Includes methodology, data notes, and statistics for each Federal judicial district. NCJ 164616 Felony Defendants in Large Urban Counties, 1994: State Court Processing Statistics 28pp, forthcoming, 38 tables, 17 figures; Brian A. Reaves, BJS Using data collected from a representative sample of felony cases filed in the Nation's 75 largest counties during May 1994, this report presents a complete description of the processing of felony defendants, including demographic characteristics, prior arrests and convictions, current arrest charges, criminal justice status at the time of the offense, type of pretrial release or detention, bail amount, court appearance record, adjudication outcome, and sentence received if convicted. NCJ 164614 State Court Sentencing of Convicted Felons, 1994 64pp, forthcoming; Jodi M. Brown, Patrick A. Langan, BJS Presents detailed findings from the 1994 nationally representative sample survey of felons convicted in State courts in 300 counties, with tables on the number of felony offenders in State courts, the sentences they received, demographic characteristics of convicted felons, the number of felons sentenced to probation, the number of felons convicted by trial and guilty plea, and the amount of time required to process felony conviction cases. NCJ 164615 Prisoner Petitions in Federal Courts, 1980-95 20pp, forthcoming; John Scalia, BJS Describes the increase in petitions filed in Federal courts by Federal and State inmates from 1980 to 1995, as well as the high dismissal rate and the low success rate. Inmates can challenge the constitutionality of their incarceration or the conditions of their confinement or compel government officials to perform a duty owed. Federal inmates can challenge the constitutionality of the sentence imposed. Between 1980 and 1995, prisoner petitions filed in U.S. district court nearly tripled, from 23,230 to 63,634, keeping pace with prison population growth; petitions appealed to the U.S. courts of appeal quadrupled, from 3,675 to 14,981. In 1995, 62% of prisoner petitions filed and 52% of those appealed were dismissed. Less than 2% of those filed were decided in favor of the inmate. NCJ 165149 Felony Sentences in the United States, 1994 11pp, 8/97, 7 tables, 1 figure; Patrick A. Langan, Jodi M. Brown, BJS Presents the latest available figures for both State and Federal sentencing, reporting that in 1994 the Nation's courts convicted a total of about 900,000 persons of a felony offense. State courts accounted for 96% of the national total and Federal courts for 4%. The Nation's courts sentenced 46% of convicted felons to prison, 25% to jail, and 29% to probation. NCJ 163063 Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, 1994 177pp, forthcoming; Urban Institute, BJS award #95-BJ-CX-K001 Includes national and district-level statistics describing investigations by U.S. attorneys, prosecutions and declinations, pretrial release and detention, convictions and acquittals, sentencing, appeals, and corrections. Ninth in the annual series that began in the mid-1980's, this report also describes trends in the Federal criminal justice system. NCJ 163066 Juvenile Delinquents in the Federal Criminal Justice System, 1995 4pp, 2/97, John Scalia, BJS Describes juvenile offenders processed in the Federal criminal justice system, including the number of juveniles charged with acts of delinquency, the offenses for which they were charged, the proportion adjudicated delinquent, and the sanctions imposed. Few juveniles are adjudicated in the Federal criminal justice system. During 1995, 468 juveniles were referred to Federal prosecutors for investigation. Of these cases, 49% were declined further action. Almost half (47%) of juveniles adjudicated in the Federal courts during 1995 were charged with either a violent offense (32%) or a drug offense (15%). About a third (37%) of those adjudicated delinquent were committed to a Federal correctional facility. The average length of confinement ordered was 34 months. Of the juvenile delinquents confined by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, 61% were Native Americans. NCJ 163391 Felony Sentences in State Courts, 1994 17pp, 1/97, 14 tables, 3 figures; Patrick A. Langan, Jodi M. Brown, BJS This BJS Bulletin presents data from a nationally representative survey of 300 counties, reporting that in 1994 about 872,000 men and women were convicted of a felony in State courts, down from about 890,000 in 1992. Sentences for the 872,000 were: 45% prison, 26% jail, and 29% probation. It reports national conviction and sentencing statistics for 11 offense categories in 17 tables and includes demographic information (sex, race, age) on adults convicted of a felony in 1994. NCJ 160089 Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, 1993 150pp, 10/96, 100 tables; Urban Institute, BJS award #95-BJ-CX-K001 Eighth in the annual series, this report describes all aspects of processing in the Federal justice system, including numbers of persons prosecuted, convicted, incarcerated, sentenced to probation, released pretrial, and under parole or other supervision. Data are presented both nationally and by Federal judicial district and describe events completed in the given year. NCJ 148949 Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, 1992 120pp, 10/96, Abt Associates Inc., BJS award #91-BJ-CX-K025 This report describes all aspects of processing in the Federal justice system, including numbers of persons prosecuted, convicted, incarcerated, sentenced to probation, released pretrial, and under parole or other supervision. Data are presented both nationally and by Federal judicial district and describe events completed in the given year. NCJ 161133 Comparing Case Processing Statistics 2pp, 8/96, 1 table; jointly published by BJS and 4 other Federal agencies; John Scalia, BJS This joint statement of five Federal criminal justice agencies identifies the primary differences in case processing statistics reported by the agencies and explains why the reported statistics are not directly comparable. The five agencies are the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Executive Office for the U.S. Attorneys, the Federal Bureau of Prisons, and the U.S. Sentencing Commission. By examining issues central to the collection and reporting of Federal criminal justice statistics--defendants processed, offenses committed, and disposition and sentence imposed--this statement clarifies differences in emphasis, definition, and classification. As part of an ongoing effort to reconcile the case processing statistics reported by each agency, the agencies plan to develop selected statistics that observe uniform reporting standards. In addition, as part of its Federal Justice Statistics Program, BJS will continue to publish the Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, which describes all stages of the Federal criminal justice system. NCJ 160934 Noncitizens in the Federal Criminal Justice System, 1984-94: Federal Justice Statistics Program 11pp, 8/96, 14 tables, 2 figures; John Scalia, BJS This Special Report describes noncitizens processed in the Federal justice system, including the number prosecuted and incarcerated from 1984 to 1994, the offenses for which they were prosecuted, and the sanctions imposed. The number of noncitizens prosecuted in U.S. district courts tripled, from 3,462 during 1984 to 10,352 during 1994. In 1994, 45% of noncitizens prosecuted in U.S. district courts were charged with a drug offense. More than 50% of the noncitizens prosecuted in U.S. district courts were prosecuted in the Federal judicial districts near the Southwest border. Information describing classes of noncitizens, the processing of illegal aliens, and Federal grants to States to help defray the costs of incarcerating illegal aliens is also presented. NCJ 157771 Civil Justice Survey of State Courts, 1992: CD-ROM US $13., Canada $17., other countries $16.50, 7/96 This new CD-ROM contains datasets, documentation codebooks, SAS and SPSS setup files, instructions for use, an Acrobat reader, and viewable/printable Acrobat PDF files of the three BJS reports based on this survey: Tort Cases in Large Counties (4/95, NCJ 153177), Civil Jury Cases and Verdicts in Large Counties (7/95, NCJ 154346), and Contract Cases in Large Counties (2/96, NCJ 156664). Includes data for tort, contract, and real property rights cases disposed in State general jurisdiction courts in the 75 largest U.S. counties for the year ending June 30, 1992. Data include types of cases disposed, types of litigants involved, presence of legal counsel, method of case disposition, case processing time, and compensatory and punitive damages awarded. These civil justice datasets and codebooks are also available free on the Internet: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/NACJD/home.html NCJ 160088 Federal Criminal Case Processing, 1982-93, with Preliminary Data for 1994 35pp, 5/96, 20 tables; Urban Institute, BJS award #95-BJ-CX-K001 This annual report, the sixth in the BJS series, presents data describing Federal criminal case prosecution, adjudication, and sentencing, as well as time served by Federal offenders. Data are presented for 1982 through 1993, with preliminary data for 1994. The report is of interest to researchers and policymakers concerned with the processing of defendants throughout the Federal system. NCJ 153257 Felony Sentences in the United States, 1992 11pp, 5/96, 7 tables, 1 figure; Patrick A. Langan, Jan M. Chaiken, Ph.D., BJS The latest available figures covering both State and Federal sentencing reveal that in 1992, the Nation's courts convicted about 168,000 adults of a violent felony: an estimated 165,000 in State courts and less than 3,000 in Federal courts. Federal courts accounted for about 2% of all violent felony convictions in the Nation. In 1992 convictions for violent, property, drug and other felonies totaled 41,673 in Federal courts and 893,630 in State courts, or 1,103,161 altogether. Federal courts accounted for 3.8% of the national total. NCJ 152696 State Court Sentencing of Convicted Felons, 1992 51pp, 5/96, 46 tables, 8 figures; Robyn L. Cohen, BJS This report presents detailed findings from the 1992 nationally representative sample survey of felons convicted in State courts in 300 counties. It includes tables on the number of felony offenders in State courts, the sentences they received, demographic characteristics of convicted felons, the number of felons sentenced to probation, the number of felons convicted by trial and guilty plea, the amount of time required to process felony conviction cases, regional variation in adjudication and sentencing, and trends in drug trafficking from 1986 to 1992. NCJ 158909 Indigent Defense 4pp, 2/96, 8 tables; Steven K. Smith, Carol J. DeFrances, BJS This report presents selected findings drawn from various BJS surveys containing information related to the indigent defense for criminal defendants. Twenty-eight percent of State court prosecutors reported in 1992 that their jurisdiction used public defender programs exclusively to provide indigent counsel. In 1990 State and local governments spent approximately $1.3 billion on public defender services. In 1979 this figure was about $300 million. In constant 1990 dollars, State and local expenditures doubled for public defense from 1979 to 1990. About three-fourths of the inmates in State prisons and about half of those in Federal prisons in 1991 received publicly provided legal counsel for the offense for which they were serving time. NCJ 156664 Contract Cases in Large Counties: Civil Justice Survey of State Courts, 1992 10pp, 2/96, 12 tables; Steven K. Smith, Carol J. DeFrances, BJS This Special Report presents 1992 data on disposition of 366,000 contract cases involving 1.3 million litigants in State general jurisdiction courts in the Nation's 75 largest counties. The most frequent type of contract dispute involved the plaintiff as a seller seeking payment owed by a buyer or borrower. About half the contract cases were resolved through an agreed settlement. Less than 3% of the cases were disposed by a jury or bench trial. Businesses made up two-thirds of the plaintiffs in contract cases; individuals, about a quarter. Contract case defendants were most often businesses, followed by individuals. Almost two-thirds of the contract cases were disposed within 1 year of filing. NCJ 153256 Spouse Murder Defendants in Large Urban Counties 26pp, 10/95, 30 tables; Patrick A. Langan, John M. Dawson, BJS Approximately 1 in 3 spouse murder cases disposed in 1988 in the Nation's 75 largest urban counties were sampled. More than half of the Nation's murders occurred in these 75 largest counties. Of the spouse murders sampled, 59% were husbands killing wives, and 41% were wives killing husbands. This report discusses how State prosecutors, judges, and juries handled these two types of murder cases and gives specific case histories, describing each case and its outcome in court. NCJ 155504 Federal Habeas Corpus Review: Challenging State Court Criminal Convictions 33pp, 9/95, 12 tables, 1 figure; Roger A. Hanson, Henry W.K. Daley, National Center for State Courts, BJS award #92-BJ-CX-K026 This discussion paper examines a sample of disposed habeas corpus cases (through which State prisoners make petitions to challenge the validity of their convictions or sentences) in 18 Federal district courts in 9 selected States (Alabama, California, Florida, Indiana, Louisiana, Missouri, New York, Pennsylvania, and Texas). The covered States made up about half of the Nation's 10,000 petitions filed each year in Federal courts. The study presents case characteristics, issues litigated, processing time, and outcomes. NCJ 148826 Felony Defendants in Large Urban Counties, 1992: National Pretrial Reporting Program 28pp, 7/95, 30 tables; Brian A. Reaves, Pheny Z. Smith, BJS Using data collected from a representative sample of felony cases filed in the Nation's 75 largest counties during May 1992, this report presents a complete description of the processing of felony defendants, including demographic characteristics, prior arrests and convictions, current arrest charges, criminal justice status at the time of the offense, type of pretrial release or detention, bail amount, court appearance record, adjudication outcome, and sentence received if convicted. NCJ 154632 Violent Offenders in State Prison: Sentences and Time Served-- State Inmates, 1992-94 10pp, 7/95; Allen J. Beck, Lawrence A. Greenfeld, BJS For the first time BJS reports jurisdiction-level data on sentence length and time served for violent prison inmates who were admitted or released in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Using guidelines developed in the BJS National Corrections Reporting Program, 49 States and the District of Columbia provided data on new court commitments and first releases of violent offenders, including the number, the average sentence length, the projected minimum time to be served before release for admissions, and the time served in prison and jail for releases. (Violent offenders are those convicted of homicide, kidnaping, forcible rape, sexual assault, robbery, assault, or other crimes involving the threat or imposition of harm upon the victim, including extortion, intimidation, reckless endangerment, hit-and-run driving with injury, or child abuse.) Jurisdictional variations and trends are highlighted. NCJ 148950 Federal Firearms-Related Offenses: Federal Offenses and Offenders 2pp, 7/95, 2 tables, 1 figure; Abt Associates Inc., BJS award #91-BJ-CX-K025 The data brief notes the association between firearms involvement and an increased severity of sentence as well as a more extensive criminal history for Federal prisoners. The number of offenders sentenced to Federal prison grew 175% from 1982 to 1992. In the 12 months before September 30, 1993, firearms were involved in sentences of almost 7,000 offenders, about a sixth of those sentenced under Federal guidelines. NCJ 154346 Civil Jury Cases and Verdicts in Large Counties: Civil Justice Survey of State Courts, 1992 14pp, 7/95, 13 tables, 1 figure; Carol J. DeFrances, Steven K. Smith, Patrick A. Langan, BJS, and Brian J. Ostrom, David B. Rottman, John A. Goerdt, National Center for State Courts Juries in the 75 largest counties disposed of 12,000 tort, contract, and real property rights cases during a 12-month period ending June 30, 1992. Jury cases were 2% of the 762,000 tort, contract and real property cases disposed by State courts of general jurisdiction in the Nation's most populous counties. Thirty-three percent of cases decided by juries were automobile accident suits, 11% were medical malpractice, and 5% were product liability and toxic substance cases. In half of all jury cases, the jury found in favor of the plaintiff and in the 12-month period awarded an estimated $2.7 billion in compensatory and punitive damages. The median total award for a plaintiff was $52,000. Punitive damages were awarded in 6% of the jury cases with a plaintiff winner. The median punitive award was $50,000; average time from complaint filing to jury verdict was 2.5 years. NCJ 153177 Tort Cases in Large Counties: Civil Justice Survey of State Courts, 1992 9pp, 4/95, 9 tables, 1 figure; Steven K. Smith, Carol J. DeFrances, Patrick A. Langan, BJS, and John Goerdt, National Center for State Courts Three out of four tort cases filed in the Nation's 75 most populous counties never reached the courtroom because they were settled out of court. Only 3% went to trial, with the plaintiff winning about half the time. The study of an estimated 378,000 State tort cases (about half of all tort suits completed from July 1, 1991, through June 30, 1992) found that more than 75% involved automobile accidents or property liability claims. Medical malpractice, product liability, and toxic substance cases accounted for 10%. Half the tort cases were disposed within 14 months, and auto tort cases were settled in a shorter period than all other cases. Half of all tort cases involved three or more litigants. Torts are wrongful acts--not including contract disputes--that result in injury to another's person, property, or reputation and for which the injured party is entitled to compensation. This study is based on a representative sample of the 75 courts where nearly half of all tort cases nationwide are handled, making this the closest that exists to a national tort study. NCJ 153858 Prison Sentences and Time Served for Violence 3pp, 4/95, 7 tables; Lawrence A. Greenfeld, BJS Violent offenders released from State prisons in 1992 served 48% of the sentence they had received--an average of 43 months in confinement, both jail and prison, on an average sentence of 89 months. The finding that just under half the sentence will be served in confinement was confirmed through analysis of self-reports of expected discharge dates from the 1991 BJS National Survey of State Prison Inmates. Prison release practices for violent offenders in 31 States reveal wide disparity across the States in sentence length but substantially less disparity and greater consensus on the duration of time spent in confinement. The findings are from BJS data collection programs, including the annual National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP) and the 1991 sample survey of State prisoners. The report also estimates the hypothetical impact on time served of changing the percentage of sentence served and discusses how the States differ in percentage of sentence served. NCJ 151652 Challenging the Conditions of Prisons and Jails: A Report on Section 1983 Litigation 44pp, 2/95, 10 tables, 2 figures; Roger A. Hanson, Henry W.K. Daley, National Center for State Courts, BJS award #92-BJ-CX-K026 This Discussion Paper furnishes systematic data on litigation under Section 1983 of the U.S. Code, which the U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted to permit prisoners to sue correctional officials in Federal court when the conditions of confinement fail to meet constitutional standards. Section 1983 litigation represents 1 in 10 of the civil cases filed in U.S. district courts. This profile of such lawsuits examining more than 2,700 cases disposed of in 1992 in 9 States (Alabama, California, Florida, Indiana, Louisiana, Missouri, New York, Pennsylvania, and Texas) shows that 95% of cases result in dismissals, 4% result in stipulated dismissals or settlements, and 2% result in trial verdicts (of these, less than 1/2 of 1% result in a favorable verdict for the prisoner). NCJ 148346 State Court Organization 1993 399pp, 2/95, 44 tables; David B. Rottman, Carol R. Flango, National Center for State Courts, BJS award #92-BJ-CX-K019 This edition, the fourth guide to the Nation's courts sponsored by BJS and the third prepared by NCSC, includes an examination of Federal courts, as well as charts that summarize each State court structure. It describes five aspects of State court organization: * trial courts (the role of grand juries, peremptory jury challenges, jury verdict rules) * appellate courts (case selection, expedited procedures) * governance of court systems (budgets, administration) * judges and judicial selection (numbers of judges, mandatory judicial education) * processing of criminal cases (felony definition, mandatory minimum, habitual offender sentencing provisions). NCJ 151167 Felony Sentences in State Courts, 1992 11pp, 1/95, 12 tables; Patrick A. Langan, Helen A. Graziadei, BJS This nationally representative survey of 300 counties found that in 1992 about 171,000 men and women were convicted in State felony courts of trafficking in illegal drugs, over twice as many as in 1986, accounting for 30% of the increase in felony convictions nationwide from 1986 to 1992. About 48% of the 1992 convicted traffickers were sent to a State prison versus 37% in 1986. The total number of State felony convictions increased 53% from 1986 to 1992. Urban counties with populations over 600,000 had felony convictions up 71% and drug trafficking convictions up 116%. This BJS Bulletin presents conviction rates for 10 other offense categories as well as the sex, race, and age of convicted felons. NCJ 148818 Pretrial Release of Felony Defendants, 1992: National Pretrial Reporting Program 16pp, 11/94; 19 tables, 4 figures; Brian A. Reaves, Jacob Perez, BJS This BJS Bulletin focuses on the pretrial release phase of the criminal justice process, using data collected from a representative sample of felony cases filed in the 75 largest U.S. counties in May 1992, It includes tables on type of pretrial release or detention, bail amount, release rate by prior criminal record and criminal justice status, time from arrest to pretrial release, characteristics of released versus detained defendants, court appearance record, rearrest rate while on pretrial release, and adjudication and sentencing outcomes for detained versus released defendants. NCJ 143498 Murder in Families 12pp, 7/94, 14 tables; John M. Dawson, Patrick A. Langan, BJS This BJS Special Report, a survey of murder cases disposed in 1988 in the courts of large urban counties, found that 16% of murder victims were members of the defendant's family: 6.5% were killed by their spouses, 3.5% by their parents, 1.9% by their own children, 1.5% by their siblings, and 2.6% by other relatives. Women were 45% of the victims in murders involving family members but 18% of victims in other murders. Among family murder defendants, 35% were female versus 7% among nonfamily defendants. Women were over half of the defendants (55%) in only one category of family murder: parents killing their offspring. Firearms were used in 42% of family murders, compared to 63% of nonfamily murders. NCJ 145332 Sentencing in the Federal Courts: Does Race Matter? The Transition to Sentencing Guidelines, 1986-90: Summary 24pp, 12/93; Douglas C. McDonald, Kenneth E. Carlson, Abt Associates Inc., BJS cooperative agreement #91-BJ-CX-K025 This 24-page summary of a 229-page Discussion Paper from the BJS Federal Justice Statistics Program analyzes the factors that affect sentencing determinations under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines. The impact of race on sentencing is evaluated for a variety of Federal offenses including drug trafficking, bank robbery, weapons offenses, fraud, larceny, and embezzlement. The effect of mandatory sentencing statutes is also considered. NCJ 145328 Sentencing in the Federal Courts: Does Race Matter? The Transition to Sentencing Guidelines, 1986-90 U.S. $5.00 postage and handling, Canada $6.00, other $10.00 (call 800-732-3277 to order) 229pp, 12/93, 69 tables, 28 figures; Douglas C. McDonald, Kenneth E. Carlson, Abt Associates Inc., BJS cooperative agreement #91-BJ-CX-K025 This is the full text of the summary abstracted above. NCJ 142523 Felony Sentencing and Jail Characteristics 24pp, 6/93, 6 tables, 2 figures; John M. Dawson, BJS This BJS Discussion Paper explores the possible impact of jail conditions on the likelihood that a convicted felon will be sentenced to a county jail rather than a State prison. For this study, the BJS data collection on felony sentencing in 1988 was merged with the data from the 1988 jail census. The data suggest that certain programs such as work release may influence judges to sentence nonviolent felons to jail rather than to prison or probation. NCJ 140614 Murder in Large Urban Counties, 1988 13pp, 5/93, 25 tables, 3 figures; John M. Dawson, BJS, and Barbara Boland, formerly of Abt Associates This BJS Special Report represents almost 10,000 prosecuted murder defendants and more than 8,000 murder victims in the Nation's 75 most populous counties in 1988--about half of the Nation's murder arrestees for that year and just under half of the murder victims. The study, which summarizes the circumstances of the murders, found that 80% of the murder victims knew their killers, 16% were related to their killers, and 52% had a romantic or social relationship with their murderers. About a 3rd of the female victims and a 10th of the male victims were killed by a spouse or romantic partner. About three-quarters of the victims were male, just over half were black, and nearly half were ages 15 to 29. CORRECTIONS NCJ 164620 Profile of Jail Inmates, 1995-96 16pp, forthcoming; Caroline W. Harlow, BJS This study presents data about local jail inmates: their offenses, conviction status, criminal histories, sentences, time served, drug and alcohol use, background and families, health, including HIV/AIDS infection, gun use and possession, and conditions of confinement. Compiled from indepth interviews with a nationally representative sample of over 6,000 local jail inmates in 431 local jails, this is the most comprehensive study to date of local jail inmate characteristics. NCJ 164267 Characteristics of Adults on Probation, 1995 16pp, forthcoming, 15 tables; Thomas P. Bonczar, BJS Provides the first results from the 1995 Survey of Adults on Probation (SAP). Provides data from a nationally representative sample of official records of nearly 6,000 adults under probation supervision in 166 State and local probation offices nationwide. Includes detailed tables of persons under supervision by type and severity of offense, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age. Provides information, by type of offender, on the type of sentence imposed, special conditions of the sentences, levels of supervision, nature and extent of required contacts, contacts within the last month, and special supervision or programs provided since entering probation. NCJ 164260 HIV in U.S. Prisons and Jails, 1995 12pp, forthcoming, 8 tables; Laura Maruschak, BJS Provides the number of HIV-positive and active AIDS cases among prisoners held in each State and the Federal prison system at yearend 1995. For prisons, the report provides data on the number of AIDS-related deaths, HIV-testing policies, a breakdown for women and men with AIDS, and comparisons to AIDS rates in the general populations. For local jail inmates in 1995, the report gives national estimates of the percentage of HIV-positive persons or confirmed AIDS cases. Based on the recently completed 1995-96 survey of inmates in local jails, the report also provides such estimates by sex, race, Hispanic origin, age, education, marital status, and current offense and estimates by selected risk factors, such as prior drug use. NCJ 166364 Probation and Parole Populations 1996 8pp, 8/97, 2 tables, 2 figures This press release reports the number of adults on probation under Federal, State, or local jurisdiction and on parole at the end of 1996. It also reports the number and percentage of adults in the United States under some form of correctional supervision, including those held in local jails and State and Federal prisons as well as those on probation and parole. NCJ 164266 Census of State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 1995 30pp, 8/97, 28 tables; James J. Stephan, BJS Provides information on facilities, inmates, programs and staff of State and Federal correctional facilities throughout the Nation. Earlier censuses were conducted in 1974, 1979, 1984, and 1990. Information was collected from 1,390 public and 110 private facilities, including general confinement institutions, prison boot camps, reception/diagnosis/classification centers, prison hospitals, and facilities for alcohol and drug treatment, work release/prerelease, and youthful offenders. In the 5 years between censuses, prison construction nearly kept pace with prison population growth. Between 1990 and 1995 State and Federal governments added 213 prisons and more than 280,000 prison beds--representing a 41% increase in prison capacity. In 1995 State prisons were on average operating at 4% above rated capacity and Federal prisons at 25% above capacity. At mid-1995 about 1 in 4 State correctional facilities were under court order or consent decree to limit population or to address specific conditions. In 1995, correctional authorities recorded more than 14,000 assaults on prison staff, up 32% from 1990, and nearly 26,000 assaults on inmates, up 20% from 1990. Relative to the number of inmates, however, the annual number of assaults on other inmates dropped from 31 per 1,000 inmates in 1990 to 27 per 1,000 in 1995, and the number of assaults on staff remained unchanged at 15 per 1,000 inmates. NCJ 164619 Prisoners in 1996 15pp, 6/97, 17 tables, 1 figure; Christopher Mumola, Allen J. Beck, BJS This annual Bulletin reports the number of persons in State and Federal prisons at yearend. It compares the increase in the prison population during 1996 with that of the previous year and gives the 5- and 10-year growth rates. The Bulletin reports the number of male and female prisoners, the incarceration rates for States, and data on prison capacities and use of local jails because of prison crowding. NCJ 163916 Correctional Populations in the United States, 1995 215pp, 6/97, 98 tables, 8 figures; Allen J. Beck, Jodi M. Brown, Darrell K. Gilliard, Chris Mumola, Coliece Rice, Tracy L. Snell, James J. Stephan, Doris J. Wilson, BJS Presents data on the growing number of persons in the United States under some form of correctional supervision for 1995: 3.1 million on probation, 507,000 in jail, 1,079,000 in prison, and 700,200 on parole. The following data for State and Federal prison inmates are reported for 1995: sex, race, Hispanic origin, admission type, release type, sentence length, escapes, probation and parole violations, facility crowding, deaths in prison, and inmates entering prison under sentence of death. Information on jail inmates is included in the report, as well as data on persons held in U.S. military confinement facilities. A special section presents tables by State, summarizing the 1995 Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities. This report, 11th in an annual series, has been published since 1985. Includes a subject index. NCJ 160092 Lifetime Likelihood of Going to State or Federal Prison 13pp, 3/97, 13 tables, 2 figures; Thomas P. Bonczar, Allen J. Beck, BJS This Special Report presents lifetime chances of going to State or Federal prison by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Estimates are derived using standard demographic lifetable techniques. Data sources include survey counts of numbers of persons admitted to prison for the first time from 1991 surveys of inmates in State and Federal correctional facilities. The report describes characteristics of persons admitted to prison for the first time, compares lifetime and one-day prevalence rates, considers changes in admission rates since 1991, and discusses the estimation techniques. NCJ 163931 Sex Offenses and Offenders: Executive Summary 3pp, 2/97, Lawrence A. Greenfeld, BJS This report provides highlights and an order form for the publication described below. NCJ 163392 Sex Offenses and Offenders: An Analysis of Data on Rape and Sexual Assault 39pp, 1/97, 4 tables, 32 figures; Lawrence A. Greenfeld, BJS Draws on more than two dozen statistical datasets maintained by BJS and on data from the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program of the FBI. It provides a comprehensive overview of knowledge about the incidence and prevalence of violent victimization by sexual assault, the response of the criminal justice system to such crimes, and the characteristics of those who commit sexual assault or rape. Findings include the following: * Convicted rape and sexual assault offenders serving time in State prisons report that two-thirds of their victims were under the age of 18, and 58% of those, or nearly 4 in 10 imprisoned violent sex offenders, said their victims were age 12 or younger. * In 90% of the rapes of children less than 12 years old, the child knew the offender, according to police-recorded incident data. * Among victims 18 to 29 years old, two-thirds had a prior relationship with the rapist. * Four datasets (the FBI's UCR arrests, State felony court convictions, prison admissions, and the National Crime Victimization Survey) all point to a sex offender who is older than other violent offenders, generally in his early 30's, and more likely to be white than other violent offenders. NCJ 162843 Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 1996 12pp, 1/97, 9 tables, 2 figures; Allen J. Beck, Darrell K. Gilliard, BJS Announces that the Nation's jail and prison incarceration rate has nearly doubled in the last 10 years. In 1985 jails and prisons held an estimated 313 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents. At midyear 1996 this rate had increased to 615 inmates per 100,000 residents. More than 1.6 million men and women were held in the Nation's jails and prisons at the end of June 1996. At midyear there were 93,167 Federal prisoners, 1,019,281 State prisoners, and 518,492 jail inmates. An additional 72,997 persons were supervised by jail authorities outside of jail facilities in programs such as electronic monitoring, house detention, community service, or work release. Between July 1, 1995, and June 30, 1996, the total number of persons incarcerated grew by 4.4%--4.3% for Federal prisons, 5.6% for State prisons, and 2.3% percent for local jails. These growth rates were significantly lower than the average annual rates recorded since 1985. NCJ 162043 Capital Punishment 1995 16pp, 12/96, 15 tables, 2 figures; Tracy L. Snell, BJS This annual BJS Bulletin presents characteristics of persons under sentence of death on December 31, 1995, and of persons executed in 1995. The report summarizes the movement of prisoners into and out of death sentence status during the year. Numerical tables present data on offenders' sex, race, Hispanic origin, education, marital status, age at time of arrest for capital offense, legal status at time of capital offense, methods of execution, trends, and time between imposition of death sentence and execution. Historical tables present sentencing since 1973. NCJ 161132 Prison and Jail Inmates, 1995 16pp, 8/96, 17 tables, 3 figures; Allen J. Beck, Darrell K. Gilliard, BJS This report announces that there were almost 1.6 million men and women in the Nation's jails and prisons in 1995. State and Federal prisons, which primarily house convicted felons serving sentences of more than a year, held about two-thirds of the incarcerated population (1,078,357 inmates) at the end of 1995. The other third were confined in locally operated jails, which normally hold people awaiting trial or serving sentences of a year or less. On June 3, 1995, the most recent date for which jail data are available, 507,044 people were in local jails and another 34,869 were being supervised by jail authorities in programs such as electronic monitoring, house detention, community service, or work release. For the first time, the Bulletin provides the number of inmates who were under jail supervision but not confined. Trends in the total number of persons incarcerated and the rate per 100,000 adults are also presented. Both jail and prison inmate data are collected and published annually by BJS. NCJ 160091 Correctional Populations in the United States, 1994 188pp, 7/96, 98 tables, 8 figures; Allen J. Beck, Jodi M. Brown, Darrell K. Gilliard, Tracy L. Snell, James J. Stephan, Doris J. Wilson, BJS This annual publication presents data on the growing number of persons in the United States under some form of correctional supervision for 1994: 3.0 million on probation, 483,700 in jail, 991,600 in prison, and 690,200 on parole. The following data for State and Federal prison inmates are reported for 1994: sex, race, Hispanic origin, admission type, release type, sentence length, escapes, probation and parole violations, facility crowding, deaths in prison, and inmates entering prison under sentence of death. Information on jail inmates is included in the report. A special section presents new data on persons held in U.S. military confinement facilities by branch of service. NCJ 161722 Probation and Parole 1995 Press release, 8pp, 6/96, 5 tables, 1 figure Reports that at the end of 1995 almost 3.8 million adults were on probation and parole, with more than 3,090,000 on probation under Federal, State, or local jurisdiction and more than 700,000 on parole. The number of adults in the United States under some form of correctional supervision--including those held in local jails and State and Federal prisons--totaled more than 5.3 million, or 2.8% of all U.S. adults. NCJ 158020 HIV in Prisons 1994 8pp, 3/96, 6 tables; Peter M. Brien, BJS State and Federal prisons reported holding 22,713 inmates who were HIV positive in 1994. The inmates were 2.3% of the total prison population, about the same percentage as in 1991. Among State prisoners, women (3.9%) were more likely than men (2.4%) to be HIV positive. Almost 5,000 inmates, a half of one percent of all prisoners, had confirmed AIDS at yearend 1994; this rate was 7 times that of the general population. For each State and the Federal prison system, the report provides the number of HIV-positive and active AIDS inmates, the number of AIDS-related deaths, and HIV-testing policies. NCJ 158023 Capital Punishment 1994 13pp, 2/96, 16 tables, 3 figures; James J. Stephan, Tracy L. Snell, BJS This annual BJS Bulletin presents characteristics of persons under sentence of death on December 31, 1994, and of persons executed in 1994. The report summarizes the movement of prisoners into and out of death sentence status during the year. Numerical tables present data on offenders' sex, race, Hispanic origin, education, marital status, age at time of arrest for capital offense, legal status at time of capital offense, methods of execution, trends, and time between imposition of death sentence and execution. Historical tables present executions since 1930 and sentencing since 1973-74. NCJ 158021 Prisoners at Midyear 1995 Press release, 9pp, 12/95, 8 tables, 1 figure; Darrell K. Gilliard, BJS The number of persons in State and Federal prisons grew almost 90,000 during the 12 months before June 30, 1995, when the total inmate population reached 1,104,074. During the first half of the year prisons added the equivalent to more than 1,900 inmates a week. The press release and accompanying tables and graphs present State-by-State totals and incarceration rates. The numbers of black or white women and men who are incarcerated, usually serving a sentence of more than a year, are also estimated. NCJ 156432 Probation and Parole 1994 Press release, 8pp, 8/95, 6 tables, 1 figure This press release announces that at the end of 1994 almost 2.7% of U.S. adults, 5.1 million persons, either were supervised in the community on probation or parole or were in prison or jail. From 1980 to 1994 the total had increased 179%. Three-fourths of the 5.1 million were under supervision--2.9 million on probation and 690,000 on parole. Tables present State-by-State numbers for persons entering and leaving supervision, as well as the percentage change from 1993 and the rate per 100,000 adult residents. NCJ 152765 HIV in Prisons and Jails, 1993 11pp, 8/95, 10 tables; Peter M. Brien, Caroline Wolf Harlow, BJS This BJS Bulletin describes prison and jail policies for testing inmates for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), numbers of prison and jail inmates infected with HIV, and numbers of inmate deaths from auto-immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in prisons and jails. Special analyses will show data from the 50 largest jail jurisdictions. Data sources include the 1992 and 1993 National Prisoner Statistics and the 1993 Census of Jails. NCJ 149076 Probation and Parole Violators in State Prison, 1991 8pp, 8/95, 17 tables, 2 figures; Robyn L. Cohen, BJS Using data from the 1991 Survey of State Prison inmates, this BJS Special Report focuses on prisoners whose probation or parole was revoked. About 45% of those in State prison in 1991 were on probation or parole at admission. This report provides details on offenses, types of violations, time served on probation/parole, time expected to serve, guns, alcohol and drug use, and personal characteristics. NCJ 151651 Jails and Jail Inmates, 1993-94 12pp, 4/95; Craig A. Perkins, James J. Stephan, Allen J. Beck, BJS Drawing on results from the Census of Jails, 1993, this Bulletin presents for each State and the District of Columbia the number of inmates, the incarceration rates, rated capacity, and percent of capacity occupied on June 30. It summarizes data on the number of jail employees, demographic characteristics of the staff, inmate-to-staff ratios, and changes since 1983 in these measures. Information from the Annual Survey of Jails provides 1994 estimates of the Nation's jail population: * After a decade of record growth, the number of inmates in local jails reached a high of 490,442 on June 30, 1994. * The number of jail inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents increased from 96 in 1983 to 188 in 1994. * In 1993, 8 States had over 200 local jail inmates per 100,000 residents: Louisiana (377), Georgia (328), Texas (307), Tennessee (282), Florida (250), Virginia (225), California (222), and Nevada (215). * Between 1983 and 1993 the number of jail inmates increased 106%; the total jail staff increased 156%; and the number of correctional officers grew 165%. * At midyear 1994 the capacity of the Nation's local jails was 504,324 inmates, as measured by the number of beds allotted by State or local rating officials. * The jail population was 97% of rated capacity. Jail space increased 93% between 1983 and 1994. * White non-Hispanics made up 39% of the jail population; black non-Hispanics, 44%; Hispanics, 15%; and non-Hispanics of other races, 2%. NCJ 145862 National Corrections Reporting Program, 1992 101pp, 10/94, 84 tables; Craig A. Perkins, BJS The eighth in an annual series, this report describes the demographic characteristics, offenses, sentence lengths, and time served of persons admitted to and released from the Nation's prison and parole systems in 1992. For the first time in the series, 5-year trends from 1988 through 1992 are discussed for prison admissions, sentence lengths, time served, percentage of time served in prison, and time on parole. Data in the report were gathered from 35 States and the District of Columbia. NCJ 149730 Probation and Parole 1993 Press release, 4pp, 9/94 At yearend 1993, 2.8 million adults were serving a sentence of probation, and 671,469 adults on parole from prison were supervised in the communities where they lived. Adults under community supervision accounted for 72% of the U.S. correctional population. An estimated 3.2% of all men age 18 or older were on probation or parole, and 1 in 22 men were under the care, custody, or control of a corrections agency. The press release provides two tables by State, a table summarizing total corrections populations since 1980, and a table with estimates of the number men and women supervised in the community. EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts: Data from the Annual General Finance and Employment Surveys-- * 1993, NCJ 163068, forthcoming, 94pp, 33 tables; Sue A. Lindgren, BJS * 1992, NCJ 148821, 86pp, 1/97, 32 tables; Sue A. Lindgren, BJS * 1991, NCJ 156439, 25pp, 20 tables; forthcoming; Sue A. Lindgren, BJS * 1990, NCJ 156438, 25pp, 20 tables; forthcoming; Sue A. Lindgren, BJS * 1989, NCJ 156437, 25pp, 20 tables; forthcoming; Sue A. Lindgren, BJS * 1988, NCJ 156436, 25pp, 20 tables; forthcoming; Sue A. Lindgren, BJS * 1987, NCJ 156435, 25pp, 20 tables; forthcoming; Sue A. Lindgren, BJS Annual reports provide criminal justice expenditure and employment data on spending and personnel levels for the specified year. The 1992 and 1993 reports include national trend data after 1980 for Federal, State, and local governments for three sectors: police protection, judicial and legal services (courts, legal services and prosecution, and public defense), and corrections. Presents expenditure data for fiscal years, employment and payroll data for October, capital outlay, intergovernmental expenditure, and employment and payroll data by sector for individual State and large local governments. The data are from the Census Bureau's annual sample surveys of governmental finance and employment, modified to conform more closely to definitions and classification schemes developed by BJS for its periodic Justice Expenditure and Employment Survey. Data from the two series are not comparable: definitional and other differences in the series are discussed in an appendix. Two other appendixes define terms and present relative standard errors of the estimates in the reports. NCJ 137754 Justice Expenditure and Employment in the United States, 1990 158pp, forthcoming, 72 tables; Sue A. Lindgren, BJS Provides comprehensive data on 1990 spending and personnel levels for Federal, State, and local governments in six sectors: police protection, judicial, legal services and prosecution, public defense, corrections, and "other criminal justice." Expenditure data are provided for fiscal year 1990; employment and payroll data are for the month of October 1990. In addition, the report presents expenditure on capital outlay, intergovernmental expenditure, and employment and payroll data by sector for individual State governments and the aggregate of local governments by type (counties and municipalities) within each State. Expenditure, employment, and payroll data by sector are also given for 78 county governments with populations of 500,000 or more and for 52 municipalities with populations of 300,000 or more. Table 1 of this report presents the variable passthrough data used by the Bureau of Justice Assistance in the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Formula Grant Program. Survey methodology is presented in an introductory text. Appendix 1 presents definitions used; Appendix 2 presents the questionnaire used in the mail portion of the survey. The data in the report are comparable to those published for 1971-79, 1985, and 1988. Updates are not anticipated. NCJ 135777 Justice Expenditure and Employment, 1990 13pp, 9/92, 14 tables; Sue A. Lindgren, BJS This BJS Bulletin provides selected data on 1990 spending and personnel levels for Federal, State, and local governments in six sectors: police protection, judicial, legal services and prosecution, public defense, corrections, and "other criminal justice." Expenditure data are provided for fiscal year 1990; employment and payroll data are for the month of October 1990. In addition, the report compares justice expenditure to spending for other governmental services, adjusts the data for inflation, and analyzes trends in justice spending and employment, especially trends in corrections spending. It presents expenditure data per capita by State and the number of employees per 10,000 population by State. The percentage of government spending that goes for justice activities is presented for the United States as a whole as well as by State. Two tables present the detailed expenditure and employment data collected for the aggregate of State and local governments for each State. Survey methodology and definitions used are briefly discussed. The data in the report are comparable to those published for 1971-79, 1985, and 1988. Updates are not anticipated. Criminal record systems NCJ 165705 Survey of State Procedures Related to Firearm Sales, 1996 60pp, forthcoming; Regional Justice Information Service, BJS award #9-RU-RX-K021 Provides an overview of the firearm check procedures in each of the States. It is a continuation of ongoing data collection efforts that focus on the number of applications received, the number rejected, the reason(s) for the rejection, and other processing information associated with each application to purchase a firearm. This is the second report to be published from the BJS Firearm Inquiry Statistics (FIST) project, which is part of the BJS National Criminal History Improvement Program (NCHIP). The project is being conducted by the Regional Justice Information Service (REJIS) of St. Louis, Missouri. The purpose of the project is to develop statistics that describe the implementation of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (Brady Act) or (in Brady Alternative States) under those States' own legislation. NCJ 165589 National Criminal History Improvement Program: Fiscal Year 1997 Program Announcement 34pp, 6/97 Describes procedures for applying for continuation funding under the BJS-administered NCHIP program. Consistent with the fiscal 1997 appropriation, the 1997 NCHIP program funds support implementation of grant requirements under the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (Brady Act), the National Child Protection Act of 1993 (NCPA), and the National Domestic Violence/Stalker Reduction provisions of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA). The 1997 appropriation was $51.75 million ($50 million under Brady/NCPA and $1.75 million under the Domestic Violence/Stalker Reduction provisions of VAWA NCJ 163918 Survey of State Criminal History Information Systems, 1995 57pp, 5/97; SEARCH, the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics, BJS award #92-BJ-CX-K012 Describes as of yearend 1995 the status of State criminal history records systems. The data presented in this report are used as the basis for estimating the percentage of total State records that are immediately available through the FBI's Interstate Identification Index and the percentage that include dispositions. Other data presented include the number of records maintained by each State, the percentage of automated records in the system, and the number of States participating in the FBI's Interstate Identification Index. This report is an update of Survey of Criminal History Information Systems, 1993, released in 1995, and is the fourth in the series prepared by SEARCH, which began with 1989 data. NCJ 164269 National Conference on Juvenile Justice Records: Appropriate Criminal and Noncriminal Justice Uses--Proceedings of a BJS/SEARCH Conference 97pp, 5/97; SEARCH, the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics, BJS award # 92-BJ-CX-K012. Contains the presentations of speakers at the May 1996 conference on collection and use of juvenile records sponsored by BJS and SEARCH, the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics. Issues addressed include Federal and State policies and practices, experiences of States in using and maintaining juvenile records, fingerprint requirements, and use of juvenile records in connection with educational programs and firearm checks. The conference is the latest in the series of conferences supported by BJS that address policies and technologies that affect the maintenance and use of records within the criminal justice system. NCJ 161255 Privacy and Juvenile Justice Records: A Mid-Decade Status Report 34pp, 5/97; SEARCH, the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics, BJS award #92-BJ-CX-K012 Describes the development of theories underlying the juvenile justice system and their impact on recordkeeping. The report also discusses changes in legislation and policy affecting juvenile justice activity and the use of juvenile offender records for criminal justice and noncriminal justice purposes. The report is part of the continuing BJS series on criminal history and related records prepared by SEARCH, the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics. NCJ 163277 State Justice Statistics Program for Statistical Analysis Centers: Program Application Guidelines, Fiscal Year 1997 22pp, 11/96 This program announcement provides information for applying for Fiscal 1997 cooperative agreements, and replaces State-Level Statistical Analysis Centers (SACs) and Information Network Program. The SJS program is oriented around issues and products. It requires that topics/issues of investigation and analysis be selected from among a list of themes published in this announcement and updated approximately every 6 months. Some of the themes may carry extra financial support for SACs. SACs are encouraged to collaborate with other State agencies in addressing these themes. While SACs may use past awards as a guide in preparing an application, the actual amount of the award under the SJS program is contingent on sufficiently strong justification of the tasks and activities proposed in the application. NCJ 160763 Survey of State Procedures Related to Firearm Sales 62pp, 5/96; Regional Justice Information Service, BJS award #9-RU-RX-K021 Provides an overview of the firearm check procedures in each of the States, summarizing the initial responses provided by 40 States and verbal discussions with the nonresponding States. It is a prelude to ongoing data collection efforts that will focus on the number of applications received, the number rejected, the reason(s) for the rejection, and other processing information associated with each application to purchase a firearm. This was the first report to be published from the BJS Firearm Inquiry Statistics (FIST) project, which is part of the BJS National Criminal History Improvement Program (NCHIP). The project is being conducted by the Regional Justice Information Service (REJIS) of St. Louis, Missouri. The purpose of the project is to develop statistics that describe the implementation of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (Brady Act). It is anticipated that data will be obtained from more than 500 State and local CLEOs (Chief Law Enforcement Officers, that is, any agency designated as authorized to perform criminal record checks for handgun purchases under the Brady Act or, in the case of Brady Alternative States, under those States' own legislation). Data will be used for national estimates. NCJ 156922 Increasing the Utility of the Criminal History Record: Report of the National Task Force 65pp, 12/95; SEARCH, the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics, BJS award #92-BJ-CX-K012 This report describes deliberations of a multi-agency task force to develop a uniform RAP sheet format, and identifies and discusses issues concerning inclusion and presentation of RAP sheet data. Appendixes offer options for RAP sheet presentation and transmission. The report is part of the continuing BJS series on improving criminal history record systems in the States. NCJ 157795 Advanced State Award Program: National Criminal History Improvement Program--Program Announcement 20pp, 12/95 The Advanced State Award Program (ASAP) announcement describes the eligibility and selection criteria, allowable costs, deadline, maximum awards, award date, BJS contact, and application and administrative requirements for National Criminal History Improvement Program grants to States for "extended core" activities. Supported with $5 million from the FY 95 Criminal Records Upgrade appropriation, ASAP is open to applications from States that have or are implementing an advanced criminal history record system in terms of automation, arrest and disposition reporting, fingerprint-supported records, and other relevant factors. Grants will be made to assist States in developing instant check systems for identifying persons other than felons who are ineligible to purchase firearms (these include drug addicts, mental defectives, illegal aliens, and persons under court order for domestic violence). NCJ 148951 Survey of Criminal History Information Systems, 1993, with Supplementary Information on Presale Firearm Checks, 1994 74pp, 1/95; SEARCH, the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics, BJS award #92-BJ-CX-K012 This report updates the data presented in the BJS report, "Survey of Criminal History Information Systems, 1992" (NCJ 143500), released in 1993, which described the status of State criminal record systems as of 1992. The updated survey describes as of yearend 1993 the number of records maintained by each State, the percentage of automated records in the system and in the master name index, levels of fingerprint-supported data, the number of dispositions received, the percentage of records with disposition data included, State membership in the FBI's Interstate Identification Index, and procedures followed in connection with presale firearm checks. NCJ 151263 National Conference on Criminal History Records: Brady and Beyond--Proceedings of a BJS/SEARCH Conference 230pp, 1/95; SEARCH, the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics, BJS award #92-BJ-CX-K012 This report includes presentations made by the speakers at the National Conference on Criminal History Records in Washington, D.C., in February 1994. Speakers included Attorney General Janet Reno, Assistant Attorney General Laurie Robinson, BJS Acting Director Lawrence A. Greenfeld, and representatives of the FBI, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, and State governments. The report includes an appendix with copies of forms and regulations for implementing the Brady Act. The conference was the seventh in the series on criminal history records sponsored by BJS and SEARCH, the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics. NCJ 151262 Compendium of State Privacy and Security Legislation: 1994 Overview 153pp, 1/95; SEARCH, the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics, BJS award #92-BJ-CX-K012 This report, ninth in a series, updates the compendium released in 1992 and presents an overview of State legislation governing the privacy, security, maintenance, and dissemination of criminal history records. Legislation is summarized by subject matter and is presented by individual State. The full text of the identified statutes for 1994 is available on microfiche from the BJS Clearinghouse at 1-800-732-3277. NCJ 143500 Survey of Criminal History Information Systems, 1992 60pp, 11/93, 24 tables; SEARCH, the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics, BJS award #92-BJ-CX-K012 This report updates the data presented in the BJS report, Survey of Criminal History Information Systems (NCJ 125620), released in 1991, which described the status of State criminal record systems as of 1989. The updated survey describes as of yearend 1992 the number of records maintained by each State, the percentage of automated records in the system and in the master name index, levels of fingerprint-supported data, number of dispositions received, the percentage of records with disposition data included, State membership in the FBI's Interstate Identification Index, and procedures followed in connection with presale firearm checks. NCJ 143501 Use and Management of Criminal History Record Information: A Comprehensive Report 148pp, 11/93; SEARCH, the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics, BJS award #92-BJ-CX-K012 This report contains a comprehensive description of all aspects of the Federal and State criminal history record information (CHRI) systems. Included are discussions of the structure of State systems, the uses of criminal history information for both criminal justice and non-criminal-justice purposes, the current system for the exchange of criminal records among the States and the Federal Government, the technologies and policies associated with the FBI's Interstate Identification Index and the Interstate Compact for the Exchange of CHRI, the developing systems for presale firearm purchaser checks, and new technologies relating to positive identification. The report uses nontechnical terms. (end of file)